misdeeds as Anaxarchus did those of Alexander on the occasion above mentioned. In the year 94 A. D. the emperor Domitian issued a decree expelling all philosophers from Rome—an easily explainable proceeding on his part if there were any large number of them who, in the words of Epictetus, were able “to look tyrants steadily in the face.” Epictetus must have by this time obtained his freedom and set up for himself as a professor of philosophy, for we find him, in consequence of this decree, betaking himself to Nicopolis, a city of Epirus. Here he lived and taught to a venerable age, and here he delivered the discourses which Arrian has reported for us. He lived with great simplicity, and is said to have had no servant or other inmate of his house until he hired a nurse for an infant which was about to be exposed, according to the practice of those days when it was desired to check the inconvenient growth of a family, and which Epictetus rescued and brought up. The date of his death is unknown. And now, reader, I will take my leave of you with Arrian’s farewell salutation to Lucius Gellius, which, literally translated, is _Be strong_. If you need it, I know no teacher better able to make or keep you so than Epictetus. At any rate, to give him a fair chance of doing what it is in him to do for English-speaking men and women is something I have regarded as a sort of duty, a discharge of obligation for his infinite service to myself; which done to the utmost of my powers, the fewest forewords are the best. T. W. R. FOOTNOTES: [Footnote 1: _The Encheiridion of Epictetus_, Translated into English by T. W. Rolleston. Kegan Paul, Trench, & Co., 1881.] [Footnote 2: Epicteti Dissertationum ab Arriano Digestarum Libri IV. et ex Deperditis Sermonibus Fragmenta. Post Io. Uptoni aliorumque curas, denuo ad Codicum M Storum fidem recensuit, Latina Versione, Adnotationibus, Indicibus illustravit Johannes Schweighäuser, Lipsiæ. MDCCXCIX. Epicteti Manuale et Cebetis Tabula Græce et Latine. Schw. MDCCXCVIII. There are two excellent English translations of the whole extant works of Epictetus—one by Mrs. Carter, published in the last century, the other by the late George Long, M. A. (Bohn Series), to both of which, but especially the latter, I desire to record my great obligations.] [Footnote 3: πάντα ῥεῖ, all flows—the cardinal doctrine of the Heracleitean philosophy.] [Footnote 4: An English translation of this work has lately appeared.] [Footnote 5: Ep. 120. 4. ff.] [Footnote 6: Gregory Nazianzen, commenting on this narrative, remarks that it only shows how manfully _unavoidable_ sufferings may be borne.] CLEANTHES’ HYMN TO ZEUS.[1] Most glorious of the Immortals, many named, Almighty forever. Zeus, ruler of nature, that governest all things with law, Hail! for lawful it is that all mortals should address Thee.