Transcriber’s Note: Italics are enclosed in _underscores_. Additional notes will be found near the end of this ebook. THE TELEPHONE, MICROPHONE, & PHONOGRAPH THE TELEPHONE THE MICROPHONE & THE PHONOGRAPH BY COUNT DU MONCEL MEMBRE DE L’INSTITUT _AUTHORISED TRANSLATION WITH ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS BY THE AUTHOR_ WITH 70 ILLUSTRATIONS ON WOOD _FOURTH EDITION_ LONDON KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TRÜBNER, & CO. LTD. PATERNOSTER HOUSE, CHARING CROSS ROAD 1892 (_The rights of translation and of reproduction are reserved_) _CONTENTS._ PAGE History of the telephone 1 _MUSICAL TELEPHONES._ Reiss’s telephone 11 Wray’s telephone 15 Electric harmonica 18 Gray’s telephone 21 Pollard and Garnier’s singing condenser 26 _SPEAKING TELEPHONES._ String telephones 31 Bell’s electric telephone 35 Gray’s share in invention of telephone 62 _FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF BELL TELEPHONE._ Explanation of principles 67 _ORDINARY ARRANGEMENT OF BELL TELEPHONE._ Description and illustrations 71 _BATTERY TELEPHONES._ Edison’s telephone 83 Edison’s chemical telephone 90 Navez’ telephone 93 Pollard and Garnier’s telephone 97 Hellesen’s telephone 100 Thomson and Houston’s telephone 101 Telephones with liquid senders 103 Telephones with voltaic arcs 107 Mercury telephones 110 Friction telephones 113 _MODIFICATION OF BELL TELEPHONES._ Telephones with several diaphragms 114