The telephone, the microphone & the phonographDu Moncel, Th., comte
History
The telephone, the microphone & the phonograph
Du Moncel, Th., comte
Microphone; Phonograph; Telephone
Another telephone for the reproduction of articulate sounds, which
M. Richemond terms the _electro-hydro telephone_, has been recently
patented in the United States. It resembles that of Mr. Edison in
some respects, but instead of making use of carbon disks to modify
the resistance of the circuit, water is employed, and this water is
placed in communication with the circuit and battery by means of two
platinum points, one of which is fixed on the metallic diaphragm which
vibrates under the influence of the voice. As the vibrations of the
diaphragm transport the point which is attached to it to different
parts of the interpolar layer of liquid, they diminish or increase the
electric resistance of this layer, and cause corresponding variations
in the intensity of the current traversing the circuit. The receiving
telephone is of the usual kind. (See ‘Telegraphic Journal,’ September
15, 1877.)
M. Salet writes: ‘I thought it would be interesting to construct a
telephone in which there should be absolute solidarity in the movements
of the two membranes, and for this purpose I have availed myself of the
great resistance of liquids. Mr. Bell had already obtained some results
by attaching to the vibrating membrane a platinum wire communicating
with a battery, and dipping more or less into a metallic vessel, itself
connected by the line with the receiving telephone and containing some
acidulated water. I have substituted for the platinum wire a small
aluminium lever supporting a disk of platinum, and at a very slight
distance from it there is a second disk in connection with the line.
The vibrations of the membrane, tripled or quadrupled in their range,
are not altered in form, thanks to the small size and light weight of
the lever: they cause variations in the thickness of the liquid layer
traversed by the current, and consequently in its intensity, and these
variations cause corresponding differences in the attractive force
of the receiving electro-magnet. Under its influence the receiving
membrane executes movements which are identical with those of the
sending membrane. The sound transmitted is very distinct, and its
_timbre_ is perfectly maintained, a result which might have been
anticipated. The consonants, however, are not so clearly pronounced
as those transmitted by Mr. Bell’s instrument. This inconvenience is
most apparent when the lever is heavy, and might easily be obviated.
The electrolysis also produces a continual murmur, but this does not
interfere with the distinctness of the sound.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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