The Theory and Policy of Labour ProtectionSchäffle, A. (Albert)
General
The Theory and Policy of Labour Protection
Schäffle, A. (Albert)
Labor laws and legislation -- Germany
In the personal and industrial relations existing between the
dependent worker and the employer and his people
(truck-protection).
_B._ Protection of the status of the workman (protection in the
making and fulfilment of agreements) which may also be called:
Protection of agreement, or contract-protection.
1. Protection on entering into agreements of service, and
throughout the duration of the contract:
Protection in terms of agreement and dismissal,
Protection against loss of character.
2. Regulation of admissible conditions of contract, and of legal
extensions of contract.
3. Protection in the fulfilment of conditions after the completion
of service agreements.
II. VARIOUS LEGISLATIVE METHODS OF LABOUR PROTECTION.
Compulsory legal protection--protection by the optional adoption of
regulations.
Regulation under the code--regulation by special enactment.
III. ORGANISATION OF LABOUR PROTECTION.
1. Courts by which it is administered:
_A._ Protection by the ordinary administrative bodies--
Police,
Magistrates,
Church and School authorities,
Military and Naval authorities.
_B._ Protection by specially constituted bodies,
1. Governmental:
_a._ Administrative:
Industrial Inspectorates (including mining experts),
"Labour-Boards,"
Special organs: local, district, provincial, and imperial;
_b._ Judicial:
Judicial Courts,
Courts of Arbitration.
2. Representative: (trade-organisations):
"Labour-Chambers,"
"Labour Councillors,"
Councils composed of the oldest representatives of the trade,
Labour-councils: local, district, provincial, and imperial.
II. METHODS OF ADMINISTRATION AND ADMINISTRATIVE RECORDS.
_a._ Methods:
Hearing of Special Appeals,
Granting periods of exemption,
Fixing of times,
Regulating of fines,
Application of money collected in fines, etc.
_b._ Records:
Factory-regulations,
Certificates of health,
Factory-list of children employed,
Official overtime list,
Labour log-book,
Inspector's report (with compulsory-publication and
international exchange),
International collection of statistics and information
relating to protective legislation and industrial regulations.
The foregoing survey may be held to contain all that is included under
Labour Protection, actual or proposed. But of the measures included
within these limits not all are as yet in operation; and the actual
conditions are different in the various countries.
With regard to the scope of protection, those measures affecting married
women, home-industrial work, work in trade and carrying industries, are
still specially incomplete.
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