|subsided a |Thames has |a pale violet |a bluish slate |violet purple |more at high |color. |color, thinly |colored |water than at | |covered the |precipitate. |low. | |sides and | | | |bottom of the | | | |glass. All these waters appear to be sufficiently pure for the common uses of life; the difference between them is very trivial, if any: those of Hampstead approach nearest to the simple state this element is to be wished for. Although it cannot be said to have an immediate relation to this work, yet it may not, perhaps, be disagreeable or useless here to add the quantities of water the cities of London and Westminster, and the adjacent buildings, are daily supplied with. From the New River Company 57897 Tons per Day. London Bridge, 8500 Chelsea, 1740 Hampstead, 1200 York Buildings, 849 Hartshorn Lane, 205 ------ 70391 Tons required every 24 hours. SECTION IV. _OF EARTH._ Regularity requires some notice should be taken of this element. The great writer on chymistry, so often mentioned, defines it to be a simple, hard, friable, fossil body, fixed in the fire, but not melting in it, nor dissoluble in water, air, alcohol, or oil. These are the characters of pure earth, which, no more than any of the other elements, comes within our reach, free from admixture. Though it is one of the component parts of all vegetables, yet as, designedly, it is never made use of in brewing, except sometimes for the purpose of precipitation; it is unnecessary to say any thing more upon it: whoever desires to be farther informed concerning its properties may consult all, or any of the authors before mentioned. SECTION V. _OF MENSTRUUMS OR DISSOLVENTS._ By menstruums is understood a body which, in a fluid or subtilised state, is capable of interposing its small parts betwixt the small parts of other bodies. This act so obviously relates to the art of brewing, especially where the extracting of the malt and the boiling of the hops are concerned, that it should not be passed unheeded by.