The Theory of Moral Sentiments: Or, an Essay Towards an Analysis of the Principles by Which Men Naturally Judge Concerning the Conduct and Character, First of Their Neighbours, and Afterwards of Themselves. to Which Is Added, a Dissertation on the Origin of Languages.Smith, Adam
Philosophy
The Theory of Moral Sentiments: Or, an Essay Towards an Analysis of the Principles by Which Men Naturally Judge Concerning the Conduct and Character, First of Their Neighbours, and Afterwards of Themselves. to Which Is Added, a Dissertation on the Origin of Languages.
Smith, Adam
Ethics -- Early works to 1800; Language and languages -- Early works to 1800
But though the influence of custom and fashion, upon moral sentiments,
is not altogether so great, it is however perfectly similar to what it
is every where else. When custom and fashion coincide with the natural
principles of right and wrong, they heighten the delicacy of our
sentiments, and increase our abhorrence for every thing which approaches
to evil. Those who have been educated in what is really good company,
not in what is commonly called such, who have been accustomed to see
nothing in the persons whom they esteemed and lived with, but justice,
modesty, humanity, and good order, are more shocked with whatever seems
to be inconsistent with the rules which those virtues prescribe. Those,
on the contrary, who have had the misfortune to be brought up amidst
violence, licentiousness, falsehood, and injustice, lose, though not all
sense of the impropriety of such conduct, yet all sense of its dreadful
enormity, or of the vengeance and punishment due to it. They have been
familiarized with it from their infancy, custom has rendered it habitual
to them, and they are very apt to regard it as, what is called the way
of the world, something which either may, or must be practised, to
hinder us from being the dupes of our own integrity.
Fashion too will sometimes give reputation to a certain degree of
disorder, and on the contrary discountenance qualities which deserve
esteem. In the reign of Charles II. a degree of licentiousness was
deemed the characteristic of a liberal education. It was connected,
according to the notions of those times, with generosity, sincerity,
magnanimity, loyalty, and proved that the person who acted in this
manner, was a gentleman, and not a puritan; severity of manners, and
regularity of conduct, on the other hand, were altogether unfashionable,
and were connected, in the imagination of that age, with cant, cunning,
hypocrisy, and low manners. To superficial minds, the vices of the great
seem at all times agreeable. They connect them, not only with the
splendour of fortune, but with many superiour virtues, which they
ascribe to their superiors; with the spirit of freedom and independency,
with frankness, generosity, humanity, and politeness. The virtues of the
inferior ranks of people, on the contrary, their parsimonious frugality,
their painful industry, and rigid adherence to rules, seem to them mean
and disagreeable. They connect them, both with the meanness of the
station to which those qualities commonly belong, and with many great
vices, which, they suppose, usually accompany them; such as an abject,
cowardly, ill-natured, lying, pilfering disposition.
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