A man who wins by haphazard speculation, who chances to operate successfully until he has filled his pockets, and retires with his gains from so fascinating an arena, is one in a hundred. Any one who knows anything of Stock Exchange speculation will confirm the statement that, to the ordinary run of men, the game is not worth the candle. There are, however, conditions under which speculation, in a market where ten or fifty thousand pounds can be lost in half-an-hour, may, under given conditions, be systematically practised profitably. First, and most important perhaps of all these conditions, is the temperament of the speculator, upon which we propose to speak in this chapter. [Sidenote: COOL-HEADEDNESS AN INDISPENSABLE CONDITION OF SUCCESS.] A man who is excitable and easily led away from a set purpose will, if he go deep into speculation, be soon involved in hopeless ruin. A method of proceeding that has been formed by a careful judgment which has provided for all contingencies, once adopted, should be adhered to as a rule. To be able to follow this advice it is necessary that a speculator should possess a coolness that is not affected by the excitement into which others are thrown by unexpected events; that he should cultivate the art of concealing the dissatisfaction felt on sustaining a loss, which is read at once in the face of a nervous or excitable man; and that he should have the power of calling forth emotions which are the opposite of those commonly manifested under given circumstances. In speaking of the conditions under which speculation may be successfully pursued as a business, it must be understood that we are referring to the one man in the hundred—the professional operator—who will frequently in the elaboration of his arrangements find it necessary to be in the markets himself, gaining what advantage he can by personally dealing either as a jobber or a broker. It is obvious that, when a man enters a market with a view to doing business, his object is to transact it upon the most favourable terms for himself. He confronts those who are prepared to deal with him either way, that is, to buy or to sell. According as he “opens” to the dealers, or, in other words, indicates what he wants to do, the dealers will make their prices. If he be a buyer, they will try to get him to pay as high price as possible and _vice versa_. His business therefore, if he be really a buyer, is to try to look as if he were a seller. He may enter the market under a variety of influences. He may know from private sources, for certain, that a stock is about to improve much, and he may intend to buy as much as he can get at a fixed limit as regards price. If he is anxious to operate largely, and possess but a poor control over his countenance, the probabilities are that he will be read at once, and the market be immediately raised above his limit if he attempt to buy any considerable sum. In the same way, if being a broker,