Stones River, Battle of, Murfreesboro, Tenn., 1862-1863
Reinforcements now came to both sides and a spirited contest ensued.
Stokes, Loomis, and Guenther each in succession took part in the fight,
which was confined exclusively to artillery. Robertson's Battery of
Wither's division, from its position near the Burnt Brick House, and
Semple's Battery on the left, had accurate range of the Union batteries,
and their guns were handled with skill. But the artillery fire soon
ceased. Chalmer's Brigade had advanced early on New Year's morning, and
his skirmishers now occupied the ground which Hazen had so stubbornly
contended for on the first day of the battle. Price's Brigade, which
assumed its position in Van Cleve's division, now commanded by Col. Samuel
Beatty, was on the right of the division.
The line as thus formed was at right angles with the river, upon which its
right flank rested, and nearly parallel to Breckinridge's original line.
Below the right of the line the river suddenly changes direction, flowing
about a half a mile in rear and nearly parallel with the line. The gently
sloping ground was woodland on the right and open field on the left.
To strengthen the left flank, Colonel Grose's Brigade of Palmer's
division, reduced by hard fighting on the 31st to 1,000 effectives, was
ordered by General Crittenden to cross the river on the morning of the 2d
of January. These dispositions were barely completed and temporary
breastworks constructed when, at four o'clock, a magnificent sight
presented itself. General Bragg confidently expected to find the Union
Army gone from his front on the morning of the 2d of January. His cavalry
had reported the Nashville pike full of troops and wagons moving toward
Nashville. On the return of the cavalry expedition he sent Wharton to
assume command of the cavalry on the Lebanon road, consisting of his own
and Pegram's Brigade, while Wheeler, with his brigade, returned to the
vicinity of the Nashville pike to observe the movements of the Union Army
in that direction. Before Wharton had taken his position, the force east
of Stones River had attracted Bragg's attention, and reconnaissances by
staff officers revealed the line of battle formed by Beatty's division and
Grose's Brigade. From the position occupied by this force, Polk's line,
which, it will be remembered, had advanced as far as the position vacated
by Rosecrans' left on the night of the 31st, was enfiladed. Bragg says:
"The dislodgement of this force, or the withdrawal of Polk's line, was an
evident necessity. The latter involved consequences not to be entertained.
Orders were accordingly given for the concentration of the whole of
General Breckinridge's division in front of the position to be taken, the
addition to his command of ten Napoleon guns (12-pounders), under Captain
Robertson, an able and accomplished artillery officer, and for the cavalry
forces of Wharton and Pegram to join in the attack on his right." General
Breckinridge was sent for and the object of the movement explained to him.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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