CHAPTER XI THE TRANSMISSION AND HYGIENE OF SYPHILIS 109 CHAPTER XII THE TRANSMISSION AND HYGIENE OF SYPHILIS (_Continued_) 121 The Control of Infectiousness in Syphilis 121 Syphilis and Marriage 125 CHAPTER XIII THE TRANSMISSION AND HYGIENE OF SYPHILIS (_Continued_) 133 Syphilis and Prostitution 133 Personal Hygiene of Syphilis 136 CHAPTER XIV MENTAL ATTITUDES IN THEIR RELATION TO SYPHILIS 141 CHAPTER XV MORAL AND PERSONAL PROPHYLAXIS 156 CHAPTER XVI PUBLIC EFFORT AGAINST SYPHILIS 164 INDEX 187 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS PAGE PAUL EHRLICH [1854-1915] 69 FRITZ SCHAUDINN [1871-1906] 112 E. ROUX 161 ELIE METCHNIKOFF [1845-1916] 161 The Third Great Plague Chapter I The History of Syphilis Syphilis has a remarkable history,[1] about which it is worth while to say a few words. Many people think of the disease as at least as old as the Bible, and as having been one of the conditions included under the old idea of leprosy. Our growing knowledge of medical history, however, and the finding of new records of the disease, have shown this view to be in all probability a mistake. Syphilis was unknown in Europe until the return of Columbus and his sailors from America, and its progress over the civilized world can be traced step by step, or better, in leaps and bounds, from that date. It came from the island of Haiti, in which it was prevalent at the time the discoverers of America landed there, and the return of Columbus's infected sailors to Europe was the signal for a blasting epidemic, which in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries devastated Spain, Italy, France, and England, and spread into India, Asia, China, and Japan. [1] For a detailed account in English, see Pusey, W. A.: "Syphilis as a Modern Problem," Amer. Med. Assoc., 1915.