James I., King of England, offers to mediate in Bohemia and Germany, 35, 47; proposes to pay Mansfeld, 51; his negotiations with Spain, 51, 70; desires aid from France, 71; supports Mansfeld, 75; orders him not to relieve Breda, 76; agreement with Christian IV., 85; death of, 86. Jankow, battle of, 209. Jesuits, the, appear in Germany, 13. John Ernest, Duke of Saxe-Weimar, ideas of religious liberty, 94; supports Mansfeld, 96; dies, 101. John George, Elector of Saxony, at the head of the Lutheran and neutral party, 15, 22; wishes to pacify Bohemia, 31; his share in Ferdinand's election to the Empire, 38; is gained over by Maximilian, 41; his vacillations in 1622, 62; refuses to join in the Danish war, 87; his son elected administrator of Magdeburg, 126; attempts to mediate between Gustavus and the Emperor, 133, 134; joins Gustavus, 139; failure of his army at Breitenfeld, 141; despatched into Bohemia, 151; enters Prague, 151; is driven out of Bohemia, 155; proposes terms of peace to Gustavus, 156; refuses to join the League of Heilbronn, 167; negotiates with Wallenstein, 170; hopes for peace, 184; agrees to the Peace of Prague, 185; his troops defeated at Wittstock, 194. John Sigismund, Elector of Brandenburg, his claim to the duchy of Cleves, 21; turns Calvinist, 22. Joseph, Father, employed as Richelieu's agent, 128. Kempten, battle of, 201. Klostergrab, Protestant church at, 27. Köln. _See_ Cologne. La Force, commands at Paris, 193. Lamormain, Father, Ferdinand's confessor, declares against peace, 171. Landrecies incorporated with France, 224. League, the Catholic, its formation, 21; agrees to the treaty of Ulm, 42. _See_ Maximilian, Duke of Bavaria. Lebus, bishopric of, 121. Lech, battle at the passage of the, 149. Leipzig, assembly at, 133. Leipzig, battle of. _See_ Breitenfeld. Leslie, his part in Wallenstein's murder, 180. Leuchtenberg, Landgrave of, taken prisoner by Mansfeld, 49. Lewis XIII., King of France, his character, 72; his jealousy of Spain, 73; summons Richelieu to his council, 74; takes part against Spain, 75; his policy towards the Huguenots, 112; at war with England, 113; invades Italy, 122; dislikes the success of Gustavus, 148; takes the field against Spain, 193; dies, 205. Lewis XIV., King of France, accession of, 205. Lewis, Landgrave of Hesse Darmstadt, taken prisoner, 58. Lombardy, the iron crown of, 3. Lorraine (_Lothringen_), included in the Empire, 2; Mansfeld and Christian of Brunswick, in, 63. Lorraine, Duke of, joins the Spaniards against Gustavus, 158; is reduced to subjection by France, 170. Lower Saxony, Circle of, threatened by Christian of Brunswick and Tilly, 64; refuses to support Christian, 65; disunion amongst its members, 68; attacked by Tilly, 87.