De tribus impostoribus; Rationalism; Spinoza, Benedictus de, 1632-1677
Can any more plausible account of the overthrow of Sodom and
Gomorrah be given, than that it was caused by Phaeton? Is there no
resemblance between the fall of Lucifer and that of Vulcan, or of
the giants struck down by the thunderbolts of Jove. How close the
resemblance between Sampson and Hercules; Elijah and Phaeton; Joseph
and Hypolitus; Nebuchadnezzar and Lycaon; Tantalus and the rich man
in torment; [52] the manna in the wilderness and the ambrosia of the
gods! St. Augustine, [53] St. Cyril, and Theophilactus, compare Jonah
with Hercules, called Trinoctius, because he had been three days and
three nights in the belly of a whale.
The river which Daniel speaks of in chap. vii, v. 10, of his
Prophecies, is palpably drawn from that Pyriphlegethon to which
Plato alludes in his dialogue on the immortality of the soul. The
idea of "Original Sin" is taken from the account of Pandora's box;
and the interrupted sacrifices of Isaac and of Jephtha's daughter are
borrowed from that Iphigenia, in whose room a hind was offered up. What
we read of concerning Lot and his wife, is nearly the same as that
which fabulous history informs us occurred to Bancis and Philemon. The
histories of Perseus and of Bellerophon are the foundation of Michael
and the demon whom he vanquished. In short, it is abundantly manifest
that the authors of the Scriptures have copied the works of Hesiod,
Homer, and some other ancient writers, almost word for word.
§ 18.
With respect to Jesus Christ himself, Celsus, by appealing to his
opponent Origen, shows that he had taken some of his most approved
apothegms from Plato--Such as this: "It is easier for a camel to go
through the eye of a needle, than a rich man to enter into the kingdom
of God." [54] It was owing to the sect of the Pharisees, to which he
belonged, that his followers believed in the immortality of the soul,
the resurrection, and the torments of hell; and also in the greater
part of his morality, [55] the whole of which I find in Epictetus,
Epicures, and a few others. This last mentioned philosopher was
referred to by St. Jerome, as a man whose virtues ought to put the
best Christians to the blush; and whose mode of life was so temperate
that a morsel of cheese, with bread and water constituted his highest
repast. Leading a life so frugal, this philosopher, heathen as he
was, declared that it was far better to be unfortunate and gifted
with reason, than to be rich and opulent without it; adding, that
wealth and wisdom were rarely found united in the same individual,
and that it was impossible to enjoy happiness or contentment unless
our conduct were guided by prudence, justice and honesty, which are
the qualities whence flow all true and lasting enjoyments.
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