A typical example of the fusion of the economic life with the
rights-life was afforded by Austria. According to the constitution
adopted by Austria in the eighteen-sixties, the representatives of the
imperial assembly, the "Reichsrat," of that compound territory, were
elected from the communities representing the four branches of economic
life:--the landed proprietors,--the chambers of commerce,--the towns,
markets and industrial centres,--and the rural areas. Obviously, in
this composition of the representative State-assembly, the first and
only idea was, that of playing off the economic interests against one
another, in the belief that a system of political rights must be the
outcome. No doubt the disruptive forces of her divers nationalities
contributed largely to Austria's downfall. But it may be taken as no
less certain, that if an opportunity had been given for developing
a system of "rights," working alongside and outside of the economic
one, it would, from the common sense of right, have evolved a form
of society in which the different nationalities could have lived
together in unity.
A person engaged in public life to-day usually turns his attention
to things in it that are only of secondary consideration. This is
because his habits of thought lead him to regard the body social as
uniform in structure. As a uniform structure, there is no form of
suffrage he can devise that will fit it; for the economic interest
and the impulses of human rights will come into mutual conflict
upon the representative body, however it may be elected; and the
conflict between them will affect social life in a way that must
result in severe shocks to the whole organism of society. The first
and indispensable object to be worked for in public life to-day
must be the radical separation of economic life from the "rights"
organisation. And as the separation becomes gradually established,
and people grow into it, the two organisations will each in the
process discover its own most appropriate method of selecting its
legislators and administrature. Amongst all that at the present moment
is clamouring for settlement, forms of suffrage, although they bear
on fundamental issues, are nevertheless of secondary consideration.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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