Sir Monier Monier-Williams’s _Buddhism_, pp. 371–373. This writer, speaking of the prominence in India of the symbolism of the _linga_ and _yoni_ combined, ascribes it to the theory of the two essences, “Spirit regarded as a male principle, and Matter, or the germ of the external world, regarded as a female.” He says: “Without the union of the two no creation takes place. To any one imbued with these dualistic conceptions the _linga_ and the _yoni_ are suggestive of no improper ideas. They are either types of the two mysterious creative forces ... or symbols of one divine power delegating procreative energy to male and female organisms. They are mystical representatives, and perhaps the best impersonal representatives, of the abstract expressions ‘paternity’ and ‘maternity,’” [and their conjunction in marital union]. (_Brahmanism and Hinduism_, p. 224 f.) Footnote 531: This legend is found in _Pirqe de R. Eliezer_, Chap. XXX. The Hebrew words _saph_ and _miphtan_ are here employed for “threshold.” It is also given in Maçoudi’s _Les Prairies d’Or_, chap. 39, p. 94. Here the Arabic is _ʿatabah_, for “threshold.” See, also, Sprenger’s _Life of Mohammad_, p. 53 f. Footnote 532: See Lane’s _Arabic-English Lexicon_, s. v. “ʿAtabah.” and Dozy’s _Supplément aux Dictionnaires_ Arabes, s. v. “ʿAtabah.” Footnote 533: Buxtorf’s _Lex. Chald. Tal. et Rabb._, s. v. “Pethakh.” See, also, the Talmudic treatise _Niddâ_, “Mishna,” § 2, 5. Footnote 534: See, for example, illustration in Maspero’s _Dawn of Civil._, p. 657; also Sayce’s _Relig. of Anc. Babyl._, p. 285. Footnote 535: Wilkinson’s _Ancient Egyptians_, III., 3, 8, 14, 18, 21, 22, 31, 36, 37, 40, 41, 45, 46, 60, 63, 66, 87, 100, 107, 109, 115, 118, 122, 129, 133, 135, 137, 146, 156, 158, 163, 170, 172, 175, 177, 179, 180, etc. Footnote 536: See Perrot and Chipiez’s _Hist. of Art in Phœnicia and Cyprus_, I., 80, 320. See, also, Layard’s _Nineveh and its Remains_, II., 168–170 (Am. ed.); and an article by Hommel, in “Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archæology” for January, 1893. Footnote 537: Hearn’s _Glimpses of Unfamiliar Japan_, II., 397, note; Lowell’s _Occult Japan_, pp. 270–273. Footnote 538: See Bancroft’s _Native Races and Antiq._, III., 504–506. Footnote 539: _Voyages of Capt. James Cook_, “First Voyage” at May 14, 1769. Also Voltaire’s _Les Oreilles du Comte de Chesterfield_, Ch. VI. See Appendix. Footnote 540: See Cook’s _Voyage to Pacific Ocean_, volume of plates; also Ellis’s _Poly. Res._, II., 217. Footnote 541: See Exod. 12 : 1–20. Footnote 542: Exod. 12 : 11. Footnote 543: Exod. 12 : 21, 27. Footnote 544: Exod. 12 : 22. Footnote 545: Exod. 2 : 23–25; 3 : 7–10; 5 : 1, 2; 6 : 1–7; 10 : 21–29. Footnote 546: Exod. 11 : 4–7. Footnote 547: Exod. 12 : 23. Footnote 548: Compare Josh. 2 : 1–21; 6 : 16–25. Footnote 549: