For purposes of comparison, the Tinguian have been divided into a valley and mountain group; for, as already indicated, there has been a considerable movement of the mixed Kalinga-Igorot people of the upper Saltan (Malokbot) river, of Guinaan Lubuagan and Balatok, into the mountain districts of Abra, and these immigrants becoming merged into the population have modified the physical type to a certain extent. In the detailed description of the Ilocano, all the subjects have been drawn from the cities of Bangued in Abra, and Vigan in Ilocos Sur, in order to eliminate, so far as possible, the results of recent intermixture with the Tinguian,--a process which is continually taking place in all the border towns. The more general tabulation includes Ilocano from all the northern provinces. Aged and immature individuals have been eliminated from all the descriptions here presented. [29] _Ilocano_ Observations on 19 Males from Vigan and Bangued Range Average Height, standing meters 1.510 to 1.714 1.607 Length of head " .164 to .191 .1787 Breadth of head " .146 to .158 .1522 Height of head " .120 to .144 .1316 Breadth of zygomatic arches " .129 to .148 .1373 Length of nose " .043 to .054 .0485 Breadth of nose " .034 to .046 .0382 Cephalic index 85.1 Length-Height index 73.0 Breadth-Height index 86.2 Nasal index 78.7 _Eyes_--Dark brown, 3-4 of Martin scale. _Hair_--Often black, but usually brown-black. 50 per cent straight and about 50 per cent slightly wavy. One case closely curled. _Forehead_--Usually high, broad, and moderately retreating, but sometimes vaulted. _Crown and back of head_--Middle arched. Two cases flat. _Face_--Moderately high; broad and oval. Three cases angular. _Eye-slit_--Generally slightly oblique, moderately open, almond shape. Mongolian fold present in 45 per cent. _Nose_--Root:--Middle broad and moderately high. Bridge:--Inclined to be concave, but often straight. Wings:--Middle thick and slightly arched or swelled. _Lips_:--Middle thick and double bowed (slightly). _Ears_:--Outstanding. Lobes generally small and close growing, but are sometimes free. _Ilocano_ [30] _Observations Made By Folkmar_ (_See Album of Philippine Types, Manila_, 1904) 37 Males of Ilocos Norte Average Height, standing meters 1.593 Length of head " .180 Breadth of head " .151 Length of nose " .055 Breadth of nose " .040 Cephalic index 84.39 Nasal index 73.12 59 Males of Ilocos Sur