[204] For the history and extent of terraced field rice-culture, see _Freeman_ and _Chandler_, The World's Commercial Products (Boston, 1911); _Ratzel_, History of Mankind, Vol. I, pp. 426, _et seq_. (London, 1896); _Ferrars_, Burma, pp. 48, _et seq_. (London, 1901); _Bezemer_, Door Nederlandsch Oost-Indië, p. 232 (Groningen, 1906); _Hose_ and _McDougall_, Pagan Tribes of Borneo, Vol. II, p. 246; _Perry_, _Manchester Memoirs_, Vol. LX, pt. 2, 1915-16; _Wallace_, The Malay Archipelago, pp. 117, 126 (London, 1894); _Cabaton_, Java and the Dutch East Indies, p. 213, note (London, 1911); _Meyier_, Irrigation in Java, _Transactions of the American Soc. of Civil Engineers,_ Vol. LIV, pt. 6 (New York, 1908); _Bernard_, Aménagement des eaux à Java, irrigation des rizières (Paris 1903); _Crawfurd_, History of the Indian Archipelago, Vol. 1, pp. 358, _et seq_. (Edinburgh, 1820). [205] _Campbell_, Java Past and Present, Vol. II, p. 977 (London, 1915). [206] See Traditions of the Tinguian, this volume, No. 1, p. 177. [207] Also known as Singá and Baubauwi. In Likuan it is held only in case the crops are not growing as they should; but in Sisikan, Patikian, and other towns of the Saltan River valley it is celebrated both before the planting and after the harvesting. [208] A slender cane similar to bamboo, but nearly white in color. [209] _runo_, a reed. [210] _Justicia gendarussa_ L. [211] Also called _salokang_. See p. 310. [212] The same ceremony may be held in order to stop the rainfall if it is too abundant. [213] At this time the spirits enter the bodies of the mediums and through them talk with the people. [214] _Lygodium_ near _scandens_. [215] In Manabo leaves and grass dipped in the blood are attached to split sticks, (_sinobung_), and are fastened to a side wall of the house. [216] Lightning is recognized as the messenger of Kadaklan. [217] The Igorot villages of Lukuban and vicinity have a similar ceremony. It is here followed by a three-day period of taboo. Should the bird known as _koling_ fly over the town during this period, uttering its peculiar cry, the ceremony will be repeated; otherwise, all is well. [218] Literally, "to give a taste." [219] Those used are _sikag_ (_Lygodium_ near _scandens_), _talabibatab_ (_Capparis micracantha_ D.C.) and _pedped_ (?). [220] Most of the identifications here given were made by Dr. Elmer D. Merrill, botanist of the Philippine Bureau of Science, from specimens collected by the writer. [221] Known generally throughout the Philippines as _gabi_. [222] The three common varieties of squash are _kalabasa_ (_Benincasa certifera_), _tabongau_ and _tankoy_ (_Curcubita sp_.). [223] In the vicinity of Bakaok a small amount of _maguey_ (_Agave cantula_ Roxb.) is raised. It is employed in the making of cords. [224] A less esteemed species is known as _lalawed ta aso_ ("dog lawed"). [225] See Traditions of the Tinguian, this volume, No. 1, p. 100.