[190] The latter is the customary method among the Bontoc Igorot. See _Jenks_, The Bontoc Igorot, p. 94. [191] _Raffles_, History of Java, 2d ed., Vol. I, p. 125, also plate VIII (London, 1820); _Marsden_, _op. cit_., p. 74; _Freeman_ and _Chandler_, _op. cit_., p. 29. Both Raffles and Marsden consider this type of plow of Chinese origin. The Tinguian name _alado_ is doubtless a corruption of the Spanish _arado_, but this of course would not prove that the plow itself was derived from the Spaniards. [192] See Traditions of the Tinguian, this volume, No. 1, pp. 195, _et seq_. [193] _Munia jagori_ (martens). Locally known as _tikgi_. [194] Probably the _ophiocephalus_. See _Dean_, _American Museum Journal_, Vol. XII, 1912, p. 22. [195] This is the only occasion when men use the bow and arrow. [196] The neighboring Igorot do not use a cutter, but break the stalks with the fingers; however, the same instrument is used by the Apayao, in parts of Mindanao, in Java and Sumatra. See _Marsden_, History of Sumatra, p. 73; _Raffles_, History of Java, pp. 125-6, also Plate 8; _Mayer_, Een Blik in het Javaansche Volksleven, Vol. II, p. 452, (Leiden, 1897); _Van der Lith_, Nederlandsch Oost Indië, Vol. II, p. 353, (Leiden, 1894). [197] Rice in the bundle is known as _palay_ or _pagey_. [198] The Igorot woman pulls the grain from the straw with her hands. [199] Ilocano _sanga-reppet_ or the Spanish _monojo_. [200] See Traditions of the Tinguian, this volume, No. 1, p. 177. [201] History of Sumatra, pp. 65, _et seq_. [202] _Hose_ and _McDougall_ (Pagan Tribes of Borneo, Vol. II, pp. 246-7) consider the terraced rice culture of the Murut, of northern Borneo, a recent acquisition either from the Philippines or from Annam. [203] _Lavezaris_, writing in 1569-76, states that the natives, of no specified district, "have great quantities of provisions which they gathered from irrigated fields" (_Blair_ and _Robertson_, Philippine Islands, Vol. III, p. 269). In Vol. VIII, pp. 250-251, of the same publication, is a record of the expedition to Tue, in the mountains at the southern end of Nueva Viscaya. According to this account, the natives of that section were, in 1592, gathering two crops of rice, "one being irrigated, the other allowed to grow by itself."