[Footnote 8: This was the case until a year or two ago. At the present time a limited amount of freshwater finds its way to the area immediately north of the east end of the lake and small plots are cultivated by the arabs.] [Footnote 9: _Herodotus_, Book II; _Strabo_, Book XVII; and _Diodorus Siculus_, Book I, Chap. LI. (See Brown op. cit. p. 19-22.)] [Footnote 10: “_Hawara, Biahmu and Arsinœ_,” 1889.] [Footnote 11: BROWN, op. cit. p. 95. As mentioned above in some areas the cultivated land was formerly even more extensive than at present, notably near the modern villages of Roda, Tamia, etc.] [Footnote 12: For details of evaporation and level-records of the lake, see Brown, op. cit. pp. 6-9, and P.W.M. annual reports.] [Footnote 13: See WILLCOCKS’ _Egyptian Irrigation_, 2nd edition, London, 1899.] [Footnote 14: See _A Preliminary Investigation of the Soil and Water of the Fayûm Province_, by A. LUCAS, Survey Department, Cairo, 1902.] [Footnote 15: See Appendix II, _A Note by Dr. Schweinfurth on the Salt in the Wadi Rayan_, in Willcocks’ _Egyptian Irrigation_, pp. 460-465.] [Footnote 16: The word “freshness” is used comparatively, as the amount of salt is sufficient to make the water unpalatable or unfit for drinking, except near the feeder canals. It is, however, quite good enough for most culinary purposes, and camels will usually drink from it, although it is not advisable to water the latter from the lake either before or after a fatiguing desert march, as in such cases the salinity of the water may have bad effects.] [Footnote 17: “Bull. of the American Geographical Society, 1882, pp. 22 and 24.”] [Footnote 18: _Mémoires sur les travaux publics en Egypte_, Paris, 1873, pp. 53, 54.] [Footnote 19: G. A. LIERNUR, COL. WESTERN and COL. SIR C. C. SCOTT MONCRIEFF, K.C.M.G. _Notes on the Wadi Rayan_, Cairo, 1888.] [Footnote 20: _Note on the Wadi Rayan Project_, Cairo, 1889.] [Footnote 21: _Perennial Irrigation and Flood Protection in Egypt_, by W. WILLCOCKS, M.I.C.E. Dir. Gen. of Reservoirs, with A Note by W. E. GARSTIN, Under Secretary of State, P.W.M., Cairo, 1894.] [Footnote 22: The engineering details of the Wadi Rayan reservoir project have since been more fully discussed by Sir William Garstin in his “_Report on the Basin of the Upper Nile_” Cairo, (pp. 6-9 Appendix I).] [Footnote 23: A Note by Dr. SCHWEINFURTH on the Salt in the Wadi Rayan: an appendix to _Perennial Irrigation_, etc.] [Footnote 24: _The Assuan Reservoir and Lake Moeris_, London, 1904.] [Footnote 25: The following analyses of the chief springs in the Wadi Rayan, made by Mr. Lucas, Chemist to the Survey Department, are of interest:—