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The topography and geology of the Fayum province of Egypt — John Shaqi

The topography and geology of the Fayum province of EgyptBeadnell, H. J. L. (Hugh John Llewellyn)

Science

The topography and geology of the Fayum province of Egypt

Name: The topography and geology of the Fayum province of Egypt
Author: Beadnell, H. J. L. (Hugh John Llewellyn)

Beadnell, H. J. L. (Hugh John Llewellyn)

Geology -- Egypt

F.—_Age of the Fluvio-Marine Series._—Difficulty in the
    determination of age owing to paucity of fossils. Zittel’s
    tabulation of “Schichten von Birket el Qurûn” as Oligocene.
    Mayer-Eymar’s age determinations. Schweinfurth’s comparison
    of the series with the Scutella beds of Der el Beda near
    Cairo. Blanckenhorn’s determinations. The stratigraphical
    position of the series and relationship to Qasr el Sagha
    series. Stratigraphically lower than the Lower Miocene of
    Mogara. Whole complex in all probability of Upper Eocene and
    Oligocene age, the transition being at or near the basalt
    sheets                                                            63

    G.—_The Position of the Land Mass from which the Mammals
    were derived._—Proximity of continental land. Absence of
    branches on fossil trees. Massif of Abu Roash perhaps an
    island to the north. Extension of Eocene sea. Continual
    retreat of the sea northwards. Rivers emerging from the land.
    Number and positions of such rivers doubtful. Evidence for
    river passing from the modern oasis of Baharia through Gar el
    Hamra to the Fayûm. Lacustrine and fluviatile deposits along
    the course. Huxley’s theory of immigration and invasion of
    animals into Africa. Fayûm animals belong to an extinct African
    fauna of Tertiary times. Contains the earliest and most
    primitive forms of elephants and other groups. Emigration and
    immigration. Prof. Osborn’s theory of the African continent as
    a centre of radiation. Confirmation by the Fayûm mammal
    discoveries. List of new species obtained from the Fayûm          65

    H.—_The Absence of Miocene deposits in the Fayûm._—The Fayûm a
    land area in Miocene times. Miocene deposits of Mogara.
    Lithological similarity. Probable persistence of geographical
    conditions                                                        71

  SECTION XII.—PLIOCENE—

    J.—_Marine deposits: Middle Pliocene._—Marine deposits of
    Sidmant with typical Middle Pliocene mollusca. Relation of
    these deposits to the gravel terraces as yet unknown though
    important                                                         71

    K.—_Borings on Rock Surfaces; of doubtful age._—Apparently
    due to marine boring mollusca. No exact evidence as to age.
    (α) Low level borings from zero to 20 metres above sea-level.
    (β) High level borings at 112 metres above sea-level. Limited
    occurrences of borings                                            71

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The topography and geology of the Fayum province of Egypt

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