The beds of this series, consisting of gypseous clays, clayey marls, and white marly limestones, are met with bordering the cultivation on the east, west and north sides; they pass under the alluvial soil of the cultivated land and are frequently seen in the bottoms of canals, and especially in the deep ravines known as El Bats, and El Wadi (Plates III and V). The relation of these beds to the Rayan series below is well seen at the prominent outstanding hill Gar el Gehannem (Fig. 2); here the plain to the east and south is formed of the uppermost member of the Wadi Rayan series, a limestone full of _Nummulites gizehensis_. In the hill itself the latter is directly overlain by gypseous and glauconitic sandy clays and marls, with hard intervening beds of yellowish, often marly, limestone. The upper beds consist of alternating clays, sandy limestone and sandstone, at the top being a thick bed of the latter passing up gradually into the sandstones of the Birket el Qurûn series. The following is the detailed section:— _Summit of Gar el Gehannem._ Thickness in metres. 1. Hard yellow and white limestone crowded with } shells, chiefly large individuals of _Carolia } placunoides_ and _Ostrea Fraasi_. Numerous } nummulites in upper part } 25 } 2. Limestone full of _Turritella carinifera_, } _Ostrea Clot-Beyi_ } 1 } 3. Brown clays } Lower 6 } beds of 4. Shelly limestone with _Carolia_, _Turritella_, } Qasr el _Ostrea_, _Cardita_ and _Qerunia_ } Sagha (_Hydractinia_) } Series 1 } (45 5. Greenish clays } metres) 6 } 6. Nummulitic limestone with _Carolia_, _Qerunia_ } and four species of _Turritella_ } 1½ } Light blue clays } 2 } 7. Light green and brown sandstone with irregular } concretions } 2½