[Footnote 1: Alderney (Ald, _old_; Ey, _island_). This, the most northerly of the four Channel Islands seems to have been known to the Romans as _Riduna_. Remains of ancient dwellings have been found there.] [Footnote 2: To the north of Portsmouth Harbour is situated Porchester Castle, a ruined Norman fortress, occupying the site of the _Portus Magnus_ of the Romans.] The Author desires to convey his acknowledgments to Messrs. Philip and Son, Ltd., of Fleet Street, for their kindness in permitting him to make use of the blocks for the two Maps which appear in this volume. CHILLENDEN RECTORY, CANTERBURY. _Nov., 1916_. TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v Table of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii Introduction Historical Sketch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Early History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Main Divisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Roman Britain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Remains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Introduction of Christianity . . . . . . . . 10 Influence of Roman Occupation . . . . . . . . 11 Roman Roads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Roman Influence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 List of Roman Towns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Aldborough (_Isurium Brigantum_) . . . . . . 19 Aldeburgh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Bath (_Aquae Solis_, or _Sulis_) . . . . . . 19 Caerleon (_Isca Siluvum_) . . . . . . . . . . 22 Caerwent (_Venta Silurum_) . . . . . . . . . 24 Caistor Castle (_Venta_) . . . . . . . . . . 24 Canterbury (_Durovernum_) . . . . . . . . . . 24 Cardiff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Chester (_Caerleon Vawr_) . . . . . . . . . . 28 Chesterford (_Iceanum_) . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Chichester (_Regnum_) . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Cirencester (_Corininum_) . . . . . . . . . . 30 Colchester (_Camolodunum_) . . . . . . . . . 30 Corstopitum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 The Wall of Hadrian . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 The Wall of Antonine . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Dorchester (Dorsetshire) (_Durnovaria_) . . . 35 Dorchester (Oxfordshire) (_Dorcinia_) . . . . 36 Dover (_Dubris_) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Exeter (_Caer Isca_; _Isca Damnoniorum_) . . 38 Gloucester (_Glevum_) . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Isle of Wight (_Vectis_) . . . . . . . . . . 39 Kenchester (_Magni_) . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Lancaster (_Castra ad Alaunam_) . . . . . . . 40 Leicester (_Ratae_) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Lincoln (_Lindum Colonia_, or _Lindocolina_) 41 London (_Augusta_) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Lympne (_Lemanae_) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Maldon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Manchester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48