The coming of the Romans led to the opening up of new roads, and caused the building of walls of defence against predatory tribes. It also accentuated the position of many of the camps, centres of population, and strategic posts. MAIN DIVISIONS. In the reign of Claudius (B.C. 41-A.D. 54), the country south of the Solway Frith and the mouth of the Tyne formed one Roman province under a consular legate and a procurator. Ptolemy (_fl._ 139-162) (who flourished at Alexandria, and was one of the greatest of ancient geographers) mentions 17 native tribes as inhabiting this district. The Emperor Severus (146-211) divided the whole into two parts, Britannia Inferior, the south, and Britannia Superior, the north. In the division of the country under Diocletian, Britain was made a diocese in the prefecture of Gaul, and was governed by a vicarius, residing at York. It was split up into five provinces, of which the boundaries, though somewhat uncertain, are supposed to have been as follows: _Britannia Prima_--the country south of the Thames and of the Bristol Channel. _Britannia Secunda_--Wales. _Flavia Caesariensis_--the country between the rivers Thames, Severn, Mersey, and Humber. _Maxima Caesariensis_--the rest of England, up to the wall of Hadrian. _Valentia_ (soon abandoned by the Romans), Scotland south of the Wall of Antoninus. To ensure the obedience of the natives, various Roman legions, composed of Gauls, Germans, Iberians, rather than of pure Romans, were stationed in Britain, viz., at such places as Eboracum (York), Deva (Chester), Isca (Caerleon), and Magni, or Magna (Kenchester).[1] [Footnote 1: In the _Itinerary_, as in the Ravenna Geographer, we have only the form _Magnis_, presumably from a nominative _Magni_, or _Magna_.] ROMAN BRITAIN. The population of Roman Britain was, in the main Celtic; the Cymric division predominating in the south and east, the Gaidhelic in the north and west. There existed, besides these, remnants of two earlier races--a small dark-haired race, akin to the Basques, or Euskarian (found in S.W. England, S. Wales,[2] and parts of the Scotch Highlands), and a tall, fairhaired race. [Footnote 2: See Appendices A & B.]