The Toxicity of Caffein: An experimental study on different species of animalsSalant, William
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The Toxicity of Caffein: An experimental study on different species of animals
Salant, William
Caffeine -- Physiological effect
Parisot(68) (1890) made a study of the toxicity of caffein on different
species of animals. Unlike most of his predecessors, however, he
reported, at least in some cases, the weight of the animals on which
he worked. After the subcutaneous and intramuscular injections of from
5 to 20 mg of caffein into _Rana temporaria_ weighing from 14 to 16
grams, he noticed increased irritability at first; later, a loss of
reflexes, inability to use the muscles, complete muscular rigidity
resembling rigor mortis, and also cessation of heart action. The effect
of caffein produced in the green frog was analogous to that observed
in strychnin poisoning. Parisot found, however, that muscular rigidity
developed, although very gradually, also in the green frog, but it
set in much later than in frogs of the other species and without
superseding the clonic convulsions. According to Parisot, the muscular
rigidity after caffein persists after the destruction of the brain and
spinal cord, thus showing that it is not of nervous origin. He further
emphasized the difference in the behavior of these two species of frogs
toward caffein by stating that he never observed tetanic convulsions
in the red frog. His experiments also indicate that the green frog is
more resistant to caffein than _Rana temporaria_, as the same doses
which are fatal for the latter were only toxic for _Rana esculenta_.
The number of experiments, however, is too few to justify a positive
conclusion on this point. Parisot also made some experiments on
turtles. The results he obtained show that caffein is at least as toxic
for these animals as for the frogs he experimented upon, 0.33 gram per
kilo (carapace not included in weight) having proved fatal within 24
hours. Two experiments on one pigeon were also reported by the same
observer; two doses of 0.06 gram per kilo given at an interval of four
hours caused mental depression and muscular rigidity, but the pigeon
survived.
Experiments with caffein on the human subject made by Parisot showed
that man is far more susceptible to this substance than the other
animals he investigated. After the ingestion of 0.3 gram of caffein
symptoms of intoxication pointing to cerebral disturbance appeared,
which became more marked when the size of the doses was increased.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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