The Toxicity of Caffein: An experimental study on different species of animalsSalant, William
Science
The Toxicity of Caffein: An experimental study on different species of animals
Salant, William
Caffeine -- Physiological effect
Examination of the protocols shows that the absorption of caffein from
the gastro-intestinal canal was quite rapid, symptoms having been
observed as early as 20 minutes after its introduction. The duration
of life, it will be remarked, varied with the size of the dose. When
approximately 3 decigrams per kilo were fed, all the animals died in
the night. They lived, therefore, less than 18 hours. Two decigrams
per kilo were likewise fatal, but the duration of life was longer.
To decide whether or not this is the smallest fatal dose, smaller
amounts were fed. It seemed at first that about 150 mg per kilo was the
smallest toxic dose, and about 200 mg per kilo the minimum fatal dose.
Macroscopic examination of the organs, however, threw some doubt on
this supposition, for well-marked lesions were noticed in all of the
guinea pigs which received 0.2 gram per kilo. It is quite possible,
therefore, that the minimum fatal dose may be somewhat higher, as we
have reason to believe that, at least in some pathologic conditions,
the susceptibility to caffein is increased. The presence of fatty
changes in the liver of No. 128 and the rapid death in this case
lends especial support to this view. Hence, the minimum fatal dose is
probably greater than 0.2 gram per kilo for the normal guinea pig. The
doses employed for the tests on guinea pigs Nos. 129, 130, and 131 may
be considered therefore the minimum fatal dose for these animals. It
will be also remarked that macroscopical examination of the organs of
these animals failed to reveal the presence of severe lesions. That the
minimum toxic dose is probably much smaller than 0.28 gram per kilo
is indicated by the experiments on guinea pigs Nos. 135 and 134, in
which 0.15 gram caffein per kilo induced mild symptoms in from two to
three hours. Both of these, however, and also No. 137 died four to six
days after the drug was fed. As already pointed out, caffein may be
a factor in the delayed death of guinea pigs which received moderate
doses of it. That this supposition may also be true for guinea pigs
Nos. 134, 135, and 137 is indeed made probable by the observation that
after moderate amounts of caffein symptoms may persist in the guinea
pig for about 24 hours, and also by the fact that the secretion of
urine in these animals was very scanty, as shown in the preceding
record of the experiments; this means slow elimination of caffein and
its products of decomposition. It is conceivable that the presence of
toxic amounts of caffein in the body for a considerable length of time
would induce changes that ultimately lead to the death of the animal or
that morbid processes are set up by the combined action of caffein and
some preexisting poison. Since some guinea pigs, however, survived the
doses indicated, it is more probable that such changes would be brought
about by caffein in the presence of a preexisting poison. The death of
these pigs, and also of No. 137 several days later, is difficult to
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