Ser Gianbuono--ecclesiastic or not--had two sons--Bonagiunto, "Lucky Lad," and Chiarissimo II. In those primitive times nobody troubled about surnames--idiosyncrasy of any kind was a sufficient indication of individuality. The brothers were enterprising fellows, and both made tracks for Florence, which--risen Phoenix-like from barbarian ashes--was thriving marvellously as a mart for art and craft. Ser Bonagiunto, in the first decade of the thirteenth century, was living in the Sestiere di Porta del Duomo, and working busily in wood and stone, the stalwart parent of a vigorous progeny. It was his great-grandson, Ardingo--a famous athlete in the _giostre_ and a soldier of renown--who first of his family attained the rank of _Signore_. Ser Chiarissimo, between 1201-1210, owned a tower near San Tommaso, at the north-east angle of the Mercato Vecchio--later, the family church of the Medici--and under it a _bottega_, or _canova_, for the sale of his grandmother's recipes. Over the door he put up his sign--seven golden _Pillole di Speziale_--pills or balls, which were emblazoned upon the proud escutcheon of his descendants. He was called "_il Medico_"--"the doctor"--hence the family name "Medici." These were the days when the foundations of the fortunes of many great Florentine families were laid. The loaning of money was the royal road to affluence, and everybody who, by chance, had a spare gold florin or two, became _ipso facto_ a "_Presto_" or bank. Next, after lending to one another with a moderate profit--a _dono di tempo_ or a _merito_--"quick returns," came the ambitious system of State loans, with the regulated _interesso_ and the speculative dealings in _Cambio_--on 'Change--with _boroccolo_--"unexpected gain," and _ritravgola_--"sly advantage," or, as we say, "sharp practice." Ser Filippo, or "Lippo"--the twin son, as the name implies, of Ser Chiarissimo II.--what happened to the other twin we do not know--was probably the first of his family of doctor-apothecaries to deliberately abandon his less lucrative profession and establish himself as a banker in the Mercato Nuovo. Anyhow, his two sons were born and baptised under the happy auspices of plenty of money! The elder, the prosperous doctor-banker, was jubilantly called Averardo--"Blessed with good means," and the younger was christened Chiarissimo III., to mark quite sententiously that, whilst his bank-balance was considerable, it had been accumulated by honest dealing!