[4] “_Ad terzarolos_” (_Secreta Fidelium Crucis_, p. 57). The Catalan Worthy, Ramon de Muntaner, indeed constantly denounces the practice of manning _all_ the galleys with _terzaruoli_, or _tersols_, as his term is. But his reason is that these thirds-men were taken from the oar when crossbowmen were wanted, to act in that capacity, and as such they were good for nothing; the crossbowmen, he insists, should be men specially enlisted for that service and kept to that. He would have some 10 or 20 per cent. only of the fleet built very light and manned in threes. He does not seem to have contemplated oars three-banked, and crossbowmen _besides_, as Sanudo does. (See below; and _Muntaner_, pp. 288, 323, 525, etc.) In Sanudo we have a glimpse worth noting of the word _soldiers_ advancing towards the modern sense; he expresses a strong preference for _soldati_ (viz. _paid_ soldiers) over _crusaders_ (viz. volunteers), p. 74. [5] _L’Armata Navale_, Roma, 1616, pp. 150–151. [6] See a work to which I am indebted for a good deal of light and information, the Engineer Giovanni Casoni’s Essay: “_Dei Navigli Poliremi usati nella Marina dagli Antichi Veneziani_,” in “_Esercitazioni dell’Ateneo Veneto_,” vol. ii. p. 338. This great _Quinquereme_, as it was styled, is stated to have been struck by a fire-arrow, and blown up, in January 1570. [7] _Pantera_, p. 22. [8] _Lazarus Bayfius de Re Navali Veterum_, in _Gronovii Thesaurus_, Ven. 1737, vol. xi. p. 581. This writer also speaks of the Quinquereme mentioned above (p. 577). [9] _Marinus Sanutius_, p. 65. [10] See the woodcuts opposite and at p. 37; also _Pantera_, p. 46 (who is here, however, speaking of the great-oared galleys), and _Coronelli_, i. 140. [11] _Casoni_, p. 324. He obtains these particulars from a manuscript work of the 16th century by Cristoforo Canale.