[16] The form of the name _Ysabeta_ aptly illustrates the transition that seems so strange from _Elizabeth_ into the _Isabel_ that the Spaniards made of it. [17] _I.e._ the extent of what was properly called the Dogado, all along the Lagoons from Grado on the extreme east to Capo d’Argine (Cavarzere at the mouth of the Adige) on the extreme west. [18] The word rendered _Guilds_ is “_Scholarum_.” The crafts at Venice were united in corporations called _Fraglie_ or _Scholae_, each of which had its statutes, its head called the _Gastald_, and its place of meeting under the patronage of some saint. These acted as societies of mutual aid, gave dowries to poor girls, caused masses to be celebrated for deceased members, joined in public religious processions, etc., nor could any craft be exercised except by members of such a guild. (_Romanin_, I. 390.) [19] A few years after Ser Marco’s death (1328) we find the Great Council granting to this Peter the rights of a natural Venetian, as having been a long time at Venice, and well-conducted. (See App. C, _Calendar of Documents_, No. 13.) This might give some additional colour to M. Pauthier’s supposition that this Peter the Tartar was a faithful servant who had accompanied Messer Marco from the East 30 years before. But yet the supposition is probably unfounded. Slavery and slave-trade were very prevalent at Venice in the Middle Ages, and V. Lazari, a writer who examined a great many records connected therewith, found that by far the greater number of slaves were described as _Tartars_. There does not seem to be any clear information as to how they were imported, but probably from the factories on the Black Sea, especially Tana after its establishment.