NOTE 3.—The title _Sangon_ is, as Pauthier points out, the Chinese _Tsiang-kiun_, a “general of division,” [or better “Military Governor”.—H. C.] John Bell calls an officer, bearing the same title, “Merin _Sanguin_.” I suspect _T’siang-kiun_ is the _Jang-Jang_ of Baber. NOTE 4.—AGUL was the name of a distant cousin of Kúblái, who was the father of Nayan (_supra_, ch. ii. and Genealogy of the House of Chinghiz in Appendix A). MANGKUTAI, under Kúblái, held the command of the third Hazara (Thousand) of the right wing, in which he had succeeded his father Jedi Noyan. He was greatly distinguished in the invasion of South China under Bayan. (_Erdmann’s Temudschin_, pp. 220, 455; _Gaubil_, p. 160.) NOTE 5.—LITAN, a Chinese of high military position and reputation under the Mongols, in the early part of Kúblái’s reign, commanded the troops in Shan-tung and the conquered parts of Kiang-nan. In the beginning of 1262 he carried out a design that he had entertained since Kúblái’s accession, declared for the Sung Emperor, to whom he gave up several important places, put detached Mongol garrisons to the sword, and fortified T’si-nan and T’sing-chau. Kúblái despatched Prince Apiché and the General Ssetienché against him. Litan, after some partial success, was beaten and driven into T’si-nan, which the Mongols immediately invested. After a blockade of four months, the garrison was reduced to extremities. Litan, in despair, put his women to death and threw himself into a lake adjoining the city; but he was taken out alive and executed. T’sing-chau then surrendered. (_Gaubil_, 139–140; _De Mailla_, IX. 298 _seqq._; _D’Ohsson_, II. 381.) Pauthier gives greater detail from the Chinese Annals, which confirm the amnesty granted to all but the chiefs of the rebellion. The date in the text is wrong or corrupt, as is generally the case. CHAPTER LXII. CONCERNING THE NOBLE CITY OF SINJUMATU. On leaving Tadinfu you travel three days towards the south, always finding numbers of noble and populous towns and villages flourishing with trade and manufactures. There is also abundance of game in the country, and everything in profusion. When you have travelled those three days you come to the noble city of SINJUMATU, a rich and fine place, with great trade and manufactures. The people are Idolaters and subjects of the Great Kaan, and have paper-money, and they have a river which I can assure you brings them great gain, and I will tell you about it.