NOTE 2.—_Pul-i-Sangín_, the name which Marco gives the _River_, means in Persian simply (as Marsden noticed) “The Stone Bridge.” In a very different region the same name often occurs in the history of Timur applied to a certain bridge, in the country north of Badakhshan, over the Wakhsh branch of the Oxus. And the Turkish admiral Sidi ’Ali, travelling that way from India in the 16th century, applies the name, as it is applied here, to the river; for his journal tells us that beyond Kuláb he crossed “the _River Pulisangin_.” [Illustration: _A Housselin d._ The Bridge of Pulisanghin. (From the _Livre des Merveilles_.)] We may easily suppose, therefore, that near Cambaluc also, the Bridge, first, and then the River, came to be known to the Persian-speaking foreigners of the court and city by this name. This supposition is however a little perplexed by the circumstance that Rashiduddin calls the _River_ the _Sangín_, and that _Sangkan_-Ho appears from the maps or citations of Martini, Klaproth, Neumann, and Pauthier to have been one of the _Chinese_ names of the river, and indeed, Sankang is still the name of one of the confluents forming the Hwan Ho. [“By _Sanghin_, Polo renders the Chinese _Sang-kan_, by which name the River Hun-ho is already mentioned, in the 6th century of our era. _Hun-ho_ is also an ancient name; and the same river in ancient books is often called _Lu-Kou_ River also. All these names are in use up to the present time; but on modern Chinese maps, only the upper part of the river is termed _Sang-Kan ho_, whilst south of the inner Great Wall, and in the plain, the name of _Hun-ho_ is applied to it. _Hun ho_ means “Muddy River,” and the term is quite suitable. In the last century, the Emperor K’ien-lung ordered the Hun-ho to be named _Yung-ting ho_, a name found on modern maps, but the people always call it _Hun ho_.” (_Bretschneider, Peking_, p. 54.)—H. C.]