184) says that in the description of Yun-nan, in the _Yuen-shi_, “_Cara-jang_ and _Chagan-jang_ are rendered by _Wu-man_ and _Po-man_ (Black and White Barbarians). But in the biographies of _Djao-a-k’o-p’an_, _A-r-szelan_ (_Yuen-shi_, ch. cxxiii.), and others, these tribes are mentioned under the names of _Ha-la-djang_ and _Ch’a-han-djang_, as the Mongols used to call them; and in the biography of _Wu-liang-ho t’ai_, [Uriang kadai], the conqueror of Yun-nan, it is stated that the capital of the Black Barbarians was called _Yach’i_. It is described there as a city surrounded by lakes from three sides.”—H. C.] [Illustration: A Saracen of Carajan, being a portrait of a Mahomedan Mullah in Western Yun-nan. (From Garnier’s Work.) “=Les sunt des plosors maineres, car il hi a jens qe aorent Maomet.=”] Regarding Rashiduddin’s application of the name _Ḳandahár_ or Gandhára to Yun-nan, and curious points connected therewith, I must refer to a paper of mine in the _J. R. A. Society_ (N.S. IV. 356). But I may mention that in the ecclesiastical translation of the classical localities of Indian Buddhism to Indo-China, which is current in Burma, Yun-nan represents Gandhára,[5] and is still so styled in state documents (_Gandálarít_). What has been said of the supposed name _Caraian_ disposes, I trust, of the fancies which have connected the origin of the _Karens_ of Burma with it. More groundless still is M. Pauthier’s deduction of the _Talains_ of Pegu (as the Burmese call them) from the people of Ta-li, who fled from Kúblái’s invasion. NOTE 2.—The existence of Nestorians in this remote province is very notable [see _Bonin, J. As._ XV. 1900, pp. 589–590.—H. C.]; and also the early prevalence of Mahomedanism, which Rashiduddin intimates in stronger terms. “All the inhabitants of Yachi,” he says, “are Mahomedans.” This was no doubt an exaggeration, but the Mahomedans seem always to have continued to be an important body in Yun-nan up to our own day. In 1855 began their revolt against the imperial authority, which for a time resulted in the establishment of their independence in Western Yun-nan under a chief whom they called Sultan Suleiman. A proclamation in remarkably good Arabic, announcing the inauguration of his reign, appears to have been circulated to Mahomedans in foreign states, and a copy of it some years ago found its way through the Nepalese agent at L’hasa, into the hands of Colonel Ramsay, the British Resident at Katmandu.[6] NOTE 3.—Wheat grows as low as Ava, but there also it is not used by natives for bread, only for confectionery and the like. The same is the case in Eastern China. (See ch. xxvi. note 4, and _Middle Kingdom_, II. 43.)