[115] _Yanacuna._ _Yana_ means “a servant”. Also “black”. Literally, _Yanacuna_ seems to be merely the plural form of _Yana_. But the word was applied to Indians bound to service. Balboa says that six thousand Indians, accused of rebellion against Tupac Ynca Yupanqui, were assembled in the village of Yanayacu. They were pardoned, but they and their descendants were ordered henceforth to be employed solely in the service of the Yncas and of the temples. They were called _Yanayacu-cuna_, or men of Yanayacu, corrupted to _Yanaconas_. Hence, domestic servants were called _Yanaconas_ by the Spanish settlers.--_Balboa_, p. 120. In the time of the Viceroy Toledo (1570), the _Yanaconas_ numbered about forty-six thousand souls. The Viceroy Marquis of Montes Claros, in 1601, described them as Indians domiciled in the houses or on the estates of Spaniards, like servants. Their masters found them in food and clothes, and gave them a patch of land, also paying their tribute for them. Lest the system should degenerate into slavery, the King of Spain declared that the _Yanaconas_ were free, and desired that this should be made known to them.--_Memorias de los Vireyes_, i, p. 27. [116] _Huata_, “a year”. A sun circle for astronomical observations was called _Ynti-huatana_. _Huatana_ means “a halter”, from _huatani_, “I seize”. “The place where the sun is tied up or encircled.” Hence, _huata_ means “a year”. [117] Vilcas is between Cuzco and Ayacucho, on the left of the road, and near the left bank of the river Pampas. The buildings of the Yncas are described by our author in his First Part (chap. lxxxix, p. 312 of my Translation). The only modern traveller who has visited and described the ruins is M. Wiener. They are called Vilcas Huaman.--See _Pérou et Bolivie, Récit. de Voyage par Charles Wiener_, Paris, 1880, pp. 264-271. [118] The principal place in the valley of the same name, in the _sierra_ east of Lima. The valley of Xauxa was inhabited by the tribe of Huancas. [119] On the heights above the river Pampas, on the road from Ayacucho to Cuzco. [120] The city in the north of Peru, where Atahualpa was seized and put to death by Pizarro. [121] North of Caxamarca. [122] In the kingdom of Quito. [123] In Quito. [124] In the northern part of Quito. [125] See p. 3. [126] See p. 4. [127] On the site of the modern city of La Paz, in Bolivia. [128] On the western shore of lake Titicaca. [129] In the province of Charcas. [130] The governors or viceroys were called _Tucuyricoc_.--See _Balboa_, p. 115; _Montesinos_, p. 55; _G. de la Vega_, Part I, lib. II, cap. 14, says that the _Tucuyricoc_ was a commissioner who secretly visited the provinces and reported the shortcomings of officials.