The treatise of Lorenzo Valla on the Donation of ConstantineValla, Lorenzo
History
The treatise of Lorenzo Valla on the Donation of Constantine
Valla, Lorenzo
Church and state -- Holy Roman Empire; Constitutum Constantini; Popes -- Temporal power -- Early works to 1800
Come back to life for a little while, Firmianus Lactantius, stop this
ass who brays so loudly and outrageously. So delighted is he with the
sound of swelling words, that he repeats the same terms and reiterates
what he has just said. Is it thus that in your age the secretaries of the
Caesars spoke, or even their grooms? Constantine chose them not “as his
intercessors” but “to be his intercessors.” The fellow inserted that “to
be” [esse] so as to get a more elegant rhythm. A fine reason! To speak
barbarously so that your speech may run along more gracefully, as if
indeed, anything can be graceful in such filthiness. “Choosing the prince
of the apostles, or his vicars”: you do not choose Peter, and then his
vicars, but either him, excluding them, or them, excluding him.[465] And
he calls the Roman pontiffs “vicars” of Peter, either as though Peter
were living, or as though they were of lower rank than was Peter. And
is not this barbarous; “from us and our empire”?[466] As if the empire
had a mind to give grants, and power! Nor was he content to say “should
obtain,” without also saying “conceded,” though either one would have
sufficed. And that “constant intercessors,”[466] is very elegant indeed!
Doubtless he wants them “constant” so that they may not be corrupted by
money nor moved by fear. And “earthly imperial power”; two adjectives
without a conjunction. And “be honored with veneration”: and “clemency
of our imperial serenity”;[467] it smacks of Lactantian eloquence to
speak of “serenity” and “clemency,” instead of grandeur and majesty,
when the power of the Empire is concerned! And how inflated he is with
puffed-up pride; as in that phrase “gloriously exalted” by “glory, and
power, and dignity, and vigor, and imperial honor”! This seems to be
taken from the Apocalypse, where it says, “Worthy is the Lamb that was
slain, to receive power, and divinity and wisdom, and strength, and honor
and blessing.”[468] Frequently, as will be shown later, Constantine is
made to arrogate to himself the titles of God, and to try to imitate the
language of the sacred scriptures, which he had never read.
“And we ordain and decree that he shall have the supremacy as
well over the four seats, Alexandria, Antioch, Jerusalem, and
Constantinople, as also over all the churches of God in the
whole earth. And the pontiff also, who at the time shall be at
the head of the holy Roman church itself, shall be more exalted
than, and chief over, all the priests of the whole world; and,
according to his judgment everything which is to be provided
for the service of God, and for the faith or the stability of
the Christians is to be administered.”
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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