The treatise of Lorenzo Valla on the Donation of ConstantineValla, Lorenzo
History
The treatise of Lorenzo Valla on the Donation of Constantine
Valla, Lorenzo
Church and state -- Holy Roman Empire; Constitutum Constantini; Popes -- Temporal power -- Early works to 1800
Which shall I censure the more, the stupidity of the ideas, or of the
words? You have heard about the ideas; here are illustrations of his
words. He says, “It seems proper for our Senate to be adorned” (as though
it were not assuredly adorned), and to be adorned forsooth with “glory.”
And what is being done he wishes understood as already done; as, “we
have proclaimed” for “we proclaim”: for the speech sounds better that
way. And he puts the same act in the present and in the past tense; as,
“we decree,” and “we have decreed.” And everything is stuffed with these
words, “we decree,” “we decorate,” “imperial,” “imperial rank,” “power,”
“glory.” He uses “extat” for “est,” though “extare” means to stand out or
to be above; and “nempe” for “scilicet” [that is, “indeed” for “to wit”];
and “concubitores” [translated above, bed-watchers] for “contubernales”
[companions or attendants]. “Concubitores” are literally those who sleep
together and have intercourse; they must certainly be understood to
be harlots. He adds those with whom he may sleep, I suppose, that he
may not fear nocturnal phantoms.[482] He adds “chamberlains”; he adds
“door-keepers.”
It is not an idle question to ask why he mentions these details. He is
setting up, not an old man, but a ward or a young son, and like a doting
father, himself arranges for him everything of which his tender age has
need, as David did for Solomon! And that the story may be filled in in
every respect, horses are given the clergy,—lest they sit on asses’ colts
in that asinine way of Christ’s! And they are given horses, not covered
nor saddled with coverings of white, but decorated with white color. And
what coverings! Not horse-cloths, either Babylonian or any other kind,
but “mappulae” [translated above, saddle-cloths] and “linteamina” [linen
cloths or sheets, translated above, linen]. “Mappae” [serviettes] go with
the table, “linteamina” with the couch. And as though there were doubt
as to their color, he explains, “that is to say, of the whitest color.”
Talk worthy of Constantine; fluency worthy of Lactantius; not only in the
other phrases, but also in that one, “may mount mounts”!
And when he had said nothing about the garb of senators, the broad
stripe, the purple, and the rest, he thought he had to talk about their
shoes; nor does he specify the crescents [which were on their shoes],
but “socks,” or rather he says “with felt socks,” and then as usual he
explains, “that is, with white linen,” as though socks were of linen! I
cannot at the moment think where I have found the word “udones” [socks],
except in Valerius Martial, whose distich inscribed “Cilician Socks” runs:
“Wool did not produce these, but the beard of an ill-smelling goat.
Would that the sole in the gulf of the Cinyps might lie.”[483]
So the “socks” are not linen, nor white, with which this two-legged ass
says, not that the feet of senators are clad, but that senators are
distinguished.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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