The treatise of Lorenzo Valla on the Donation of ConstantineValla, Lorenzo
History
The treatise of Lorenzo Valla on the Donation of Constantine
Valla, Lorenzo
Church and state -- Holy Roman Empire; Constitutum Constantini; Popes -- Temporal power -- Early works to 1800
But how great is your munificence, O Emperor, who deem it not sufficient
to have adorned the pontiff, unless you adorn all the clergy also! As
an “eminence of distinguished power and excellence,” you say, they are
“made patricians and consuls.” Who has ever heard of senators or other
men being made patricians? Consuls are “made,” but not patricians.
The senators, the conscript fathers, are from patrician (also called
senatorial), equestrian, or plebeian families as the case may be. It is
greater, also, to be a senator than to be a patrician; for a senator
is one of the chosen counsellors of the Republic, while a patrician is
merely one who derives his origin from a senatorial family. So one who
is a senator, or of the conscript fathers, is not necessarily forthwith
also a patrician. So my friends the Romans are now making themselves
ridiculous when they call their praetor “senator,” since a senate cannot
consist of one man and a senator must have colleagues, and he who is now
called “senator” performs the function of praetor. But, you say, the
title of patrician is found in many books.[480] Yes; but in those which
speak of times later than Constantine; therefore the “privilege” was
executed after Constantine.
But how can the clergy become consuls?[481] The Latin clergy have
denied themselves matrimony; and will they become consuls, make a levy
of troops, and betake themselves to the provinces allotted them with
legions and auxiliaries? Are servants and slaves made consuls? And are
there to be not two, as was customary; but the hundreds and thousands
of attendants who serve the Roman church, are they to be honored with
the rank of general? And I was stupid enough to wonder at what was said
about the Pope’s transformation! The attendants will be generals; but
the clergy soldiers. Will the clergy become soldiers or wear military
insignia, unless you share the imperial insignia with all the clergy? [I
may well ask,] for I do not know what you are saying. And who does not
see that this fabulous tale was concocted by those who wished to have
every possible license in the attire they were to wear? If there are
games of any kind played among the demons which inhabit the air I should
think that they would consist in copying the apparel, the pride and the
luxury of the clergy, and that the demons would be delighted most by this
kind of masquerading.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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