The treatise of Lorenzo Valla on the Donation of ConstantineValla, Lorenzo
History
The treatise of Lorenzo Valla on the Donation of Constantine
Valla, Lorenzo
Church and state -- Holy Roman Empire; Constitutum Constantini; Popes -- Temporal power -- Early works to 1800
Come now! Was Sylvester ever in possession? Who dispossessed him? For
he did not have possession permanently, nor did any of his successors,
at least till Gregory the Great, and even he did not have possession.
One who is not in possession and cannot prove that he has been disseized
certainly never did have possession, and if he says he did, he is crazy.
You see, I even prove that you are crazy! Otherwise, tell who dislodged
the Pope? Did Constantine himself, or his sons, or Julian, or some other
Caesar? Give the name of the expeller, give the date, from what place
was the Pope expelled first, where next, and so in order. Was it by
sedition and murder, or without these? Did the nations conspire together
against him, or which first? What! Did not one of them give him aid,
not one of those who had been put over cities or provinces by Sylvester
or another Pope? Did he lose everything in a single day, or gradually
and by districts? Did he and his magistrates offer resistance, or did
they abdicate at the first disturbance? What! Did not the victors use
the sword on those dregs of humanity, whom they thought unworthy of the
Empire, to revenge their outrage, to make sure of the newly won mastery,
to show contempt for our religion, not even to make an example for
posterity? Did not one of those who were conquered take to flight at
all? Did no one hide? Was no one afraid? O marvellous event! The Roman
Empire, acquired by so many labors, so much bloodshed, was so calmly, so
quietly both won and lost by Christian priests that no bloodshed, no war,
no uproar took place; and not less marvellous, it is not known at all by
whom this was done, nor when, nor how, nor how long it lasted! You would
think that Sylvester reigned in sylvan shades, among the trees, not at
Rome nor among men, and that he was driven out by winter rains and cold,
not by men!
Who that is at all widely read, does not know what Roman kings, what
consuls, what dictators, what tribunes of the people, what censors, what
aediles were chosen? Of such a large number of men in times so long past,
none escapes us. We know also what Athenian commanders there were, and
Theban, and Lacedemonian; we know all their battles on land and sea.
Nor are the kings of the Persians unknown to us; of the Medes; of the
Chaldeans; of the Hebrews; and of very many others; nor how each of these
received his kingdom, or held it, or lost it, or recovered it. But how
the Roman Empire, or rather the Sylvestrian, began, how it ended, when,
through whom, is not known even in the city of Rome itself. I ask whether
you can adduce any witnesses of these events, any writers. None, you
answer. And are you not ashamed to say that it is likely that Sylvester
possessed—even cattle, to say nothing of men!
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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