While hay fever is not strictly a catarrhal inflammation, the cure of hay fever by curing a coexisting catarrhal rhinitis or conjunctivitis seems easily possible. The surgeons taught us long ago that some cases of "hay fever" need nothing but good drainage of the nose, which they secured by freeing the nose from obstruction. Every physician sees mild cases of hay fever recover on various popular catarrh treatments. The tablets sold by homoeopathic pharmacies, containing iodide of arsenic, naphthalin and quillaya, cure many cases of hay fever and these are the same drugs that cure catarrhal rhinitis. It is easily possible that my old inheritance, rosin weed, cures hay fever by curing the coexisting catarrh; for it was a famous remedy among the eclectics for catarrhal inflammation of the nose, throat and bronchial tubes. If, then, operations or remedies that cure catarrhal rhinitis cure also some cases of hay fever, there is nothing inherently improbable in expecting the bacterial vaccines to cure some cases of hay fever, for the vaccines have made many cures of catarrhal inflammation. However, the physician using them should understand that they are not specific drugs against the pollen anaphylaxis but against a supposed catarrh or bacterial infection. He will be well advised to control the treatment by taking cultures from the nose to make sure that the bacteria are there, determine the variety present and, if possible, have an autogenous vaccine made up for treatment. I have no personal experience with the vaccines in the treatment of hay fever, though I know their value in ordinary catarrhal conditions. As remarked in the chapter on Pollens, I have succeeded with the milder methods of rosin-weed, faradism and ichthyol. However, bacterial vaccines are much safer than pollen extracts, the technique of their use is not as complicated and they are well worthy of trial in refractory cases if bacteria are demonstrated in the eyes and nose. I might remark here that this demonstration will seldom fail; for you can get a culture of the staphylococcus from almost any nose.