The treatment of nature in English poetry between Pope and WordsworthReynolds, Myra
History
The treatment of nature in English poetry between Pope and Wordsworth
Reynolds, Myra
English poetry -- History and criticism; Nature in literature
Flippant, pert, and full of play:
He sees me, and at once, swift as a bird,
Ascends the neighboring beech; there whisks his brush,
And perks his ears, and stamps, and cries aloud,
With all the prettiness of feign’d alarm
And anger insignificantly fierce.[486]
Equally felicitous are the descriptions of tall grass fledged with icy
feathers on a frosty morning,[487] or of the redbreast in a sheltered
woodland path in winter.[488] These pictures and other similar ones
immediately take a permanent place in one’s mental picture gallery.
It would be difficult indeed for a painting to make the light dance
as it does in that forest path. The squirrel absolutely tingles with
life. The right word comes easily and the lines show exquisite deftness
of literary touch. It is rare in any poetry to find more excellent
examples of pure description than these and other passages in “The
Task.” Cowper had the mind that watches and receives. He looked about
him and wrote down in simple, sincere words the loveliness he found. He
took notes, but they were of the right sort, mental and unconscious,
the inevitable imprint on a sensitive mind of scenes that had
ministered to his deepest need.
The ministry of Nature to human needs is a cardinal principle in
Cowper’s poetry. Nor was this conception merely theoretic. It was
rather a transcript from his own experience. From childhood he had
loved Nature,[489] and poems about Nature,[490] and he had always
planned to live in the country.[491] After years of disappointment and
terrifying fears, comparative peace came to him amid quiet country
scenes. The instincts of his early days revived. Nature offered
him a paradise of rich delights. She enchanted him. She gave him
heart-consoling joys. She sweetened his bitter life, alluring him with
smiles from gloom to happiness. The glory of each new morning was a
lesson in hope. He found in Nature the nurse of wisdom, a power that
could compose his passions and exalt his mind. He felt that in the
country God spoke directly to his heart.[492]
The obverse of this genuine love of the country is an equally genuine
detestation of the town and town standards. The crowds that swarm to
city streets are the subjects of repeated invectives, and there is even
more emphatic scorn of sham lovers of Nature, as cockneys in suburban
villas; girls who but for the show and dress-parade of the country
would hurry back to the city; men who love hunting and fishing, and
call it a love of Nature; sentimentalists, who exclaim over Thomson’s
poetry, but prefer to read it in the city.[493] His own relationship
with Nature was too intimate and too sacred to admit of indifference or
profanation on the part of others.
Cowper’s literary use of Nature was largely determined by his purpose
in writing. His poetical thesis received its dogmatic summing-up in the
famous dictum,
God made the country and man made the town,[494]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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