The treatment of nature in English poetry between Pope and WordsworthReynolds, Myra
History
The treatment of nature in English poetry between Pope and Wordsworth
Reynolds, Myra
English poetry -- History and criticism; Nature in literature
The same love of precise detail is illustrated in his descriptions of
trees. In noting their color he does not, like Thomson, enjoy general,
broadly inclusive words, but he gives the exact shade and tells to
what tree it belongs. When he takes a walk he sees that the trunks of
the ash, the lime, and the beech shine distinctly under their shadowy
foliage. The willow is a “wannish gray.” The poplar is likewise gray,
but there is a touch of silver in the lining of the leaves. The elm is
deeper green than the ash, and the oak of a deeper green still. The
maple, the beech, and the lime have glossy leaves that shine in the
sun. The sycamore changes from green to tawny, and then to scarlet,
according to the season.[481]
This highly differentiated knowledge is evident also in various
passages on the sounds of Nature. In a letter to Newton he wrote: “The
notes of all our birds and fowls please me, without one exception; ...
and as to insects ... in whatever key they sing, from the gnat’s fine
treble to the bass of the humble bee, I admire them all.”
Equally specific is his record of the sounds from winds and waters, as
in these lines:
Rills that slip
Through the cleft rock, and chiming as they fall
Upon loose pebbles, lose themselves at length
In matted grass that with a livelier green
Betrays the secret of their silent course.[482]
Or these about forest sounds:
Mighty winds
That sweep the skirt of some far-spreading wood
Of ancient growth, make music not unlike
The dash of ocean on his winding shore.[483]
In wider descriptions, as of extended views, there is absolutely no
blurring of edges. The picture is as clear, distinct, and exact as a
photograph. There is no inartistic mixing of foreground and background.
A good example is the view described in the first book of “The
Task.”[484] The eye travels over the landscape with its river shining
like molten glass; on its banks droop the elms, on either side are
level plains sprinkled with cattle, beyond is the sloping land covered
with hedgerows, groves, heaths, with here and there a square tower or
tall spire, and in the distance smoking towns; and at last the scene is
lost in the clouds on the horizon.
Many little pictures, complete in a few lines, serve even better to
illustrate the exquisite truth of Cowper’s work. Note this description
of the shifting lights in a forest pathway:
While beneath
The chequered earth seems restless as a flood
Brushed by the wind. So sportive is the light
Shot through the boughs, it dances as they dance,
Shadow and sunshine intermingling quick,
And darkening and enlightening, as the leaves
Play wanton, every moment, every spot.[485]
Or this of the squirrel just come from winter quarters in
some lonely elm:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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