The treatment of nature in English poetry between Pope and WordsworthReynolds, Myra
History
The treatment of nature in English poetry between Pope and Wordsworth
Reynolds, Myra
English poetry -- History and criticism; Nature in literature
One of the interesting characteristics of the love of Nature in
the eighteenth century is a delight in wide views. What had in the
classical period “tired the travelling eye,” with the dawning of the
new spirit gave satisfaction. It was in accord with the mental revolt
against close boundaries of any sort. From the day when John Philips
ventured to express some pleasure in the view from a hill, and Gay
climbed Cotton Hill to raise his mind nearer heaven, and Dyer spent
days in studying with an artist’s eye the colors and forms of the view
from Grongar Hill, to the time when Beattie eagerly climbed the rugged
steeps of Scottish mountains so that he might see the morning mists
rolling and tumbling over the rough hills beneath him, do we find this
pronounced delight in wide views. Even poets who show no great love for
mountains, as Thomson, Mallet, Collins, the Wartons, Langhorne, Mickle,
and John Scott, and even poets of confessedly tame scenery as Cowper,
love “green heights” and extended prospects. To the expression of
this feeling Amory and Mrs. Radcliffe, Brown, Young, and Pennant make
large contributions. This feeling shows itself also in gardening. The
cutting-down of tall hedges, the opening-up of vistas, were a result of
the change of taste and a contribution to it.
We have seen that during the classical poetry the skies in favor were
cloudless and that of all sky phenomena the rainbow excited most
attention. In the transition poetry we find much of this love of fair
summer skies and expressed sometimes with a new freshness as when
Dyer wishes nothing above his head but “the roof on which the gods do
tread,” or when Ramsay looks with joy upon “the lift’s unclouded blue,”
or when the clear gladness of heaven shines down from the lovely skies
of Blake. But on the whole, references to the serene day-time sky are
conventional. It is another illustration of the fact that such aspects
of Nature as were already known and had come to be spoken of after a
set fashion were slow to be emancipated into a new phraseology. Better
work is done in describing what Coleridge calls the “goings-on” of the
sky. Thomson knew the sky in all its phases. Parnell describes well
the airy tumult of clouds after a storm. Mallet has one or two rather
effective studies of a stormy sky. One of Beattie’s best descriptions
is of a shifting cloudy sky on a windy autumn day, and he has other
effective cloud studies. But taken in the mass the material is scanty
and not of great value. It was Wordsworth and Shelley who first gave
adequate expression to the mysterious and varied charm of the day-time
sky.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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