The treatment of nature in English poetry between Pope and WordsworthReynolds, Myra
History
The treatment of nature in English poetry between Pope and Wordsworth
Reynolds, Myra
English poetry -- History and criticism; Nature in literature
The love of the night sky and of night itself is first found in Lady
Winchilsea, and for close observation and delicate feeling there is
nothing better throughout the century. There is, however, much use of
night, moonlight, and stars in a new and appreciative fashion. In Gay’s
“Dione” there are several attractive little moonlight pictures. Parnell
was impressed by the depth, the serenity, and the silence of a starry
sky on a clear night. Coventry observes how fast the moon travels
through light clouds as if bent on a journey, while in clear weather
she sits steady empress of the skies. Joseph Warton notes the shining
of hills and streams under the light of a full moon. Mickle has some
beautiful lines on both moon and stars as they rise from behind certain
favorite hills. He walks much at night and loves to watch the trembling
line of light from the moon as it shines across the lake, or the soft
effect of the yellow moonlight sleeping on the hills. Beattie stays out
all night to watch the aspects of the sky till the dawn of day. Morning
and evening twilight are less often spoken of. There is certainly
nothing else in the century to compare with Collins’ “Evening.” Sunset
and sunrise are often described, but nowhere with more general
effectiveness than in Thomson, or with more minute color study than in
Savage.
Closely connected with the knowledge of the sky is the new feeling
toward storms. In the classical poetry they had been ignored or used as
similes for disaster. But one of the first evidences of a new spirit
was in the appreciative description of winter storms, as in Riccaltoun,
Armstrong, and Thomson. The early descriptions and the multiplicity
of storms in Thomson and Mallet give at first the impression that
this element held a larger place in poetry than it really did. Ramsay
has some good lines on winter storms. There is an admirable stanza in
Collins’ “Ode to Liberty,” and another in Thomas Warton’s “Grave of
King Arthur.” In Beattie’s “Minstrel,” and in several of Burns’ poems
there are expressions of delight in the fierce play of the elements,
but that exhausts the list of notable passages. It is only in Beattie
that we find any of the modern sense of kinship between the tumult
of life and Nature’s fierce conflicts, and the imaginative force of
a passage like that in “The Excursion” where the Wanderer longs to
be a spirit and so mingle with primal energies in their mightiest
activities, or the lyric passion of a cry like that in Shelley’s
apostrophe to the West Wind, are not even hinted at.
The most pronounced change came with reference to these grander, wilder
aspects of Nature. We have still to note the treatment of the gentle
pleasant things of Nature, as birds, flowers, trees.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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