The treatment of nature in English poetry between Pope and Wordsworth — John Shaqi
The treatment of nature in English poetry between Pope and WordsworthReynolds, Myra
History
The treatment of nature in English poetry between Pope and Wordsworth
Reynolds, Myra
English poetry -- History and criticism; Nature in literature
To express great numbers the most useful similes are drawn from stars,
pearly drops of dew, and, most frequently, leaves in autumn.[108] An
exceedingly popular simile is that of the oak and ivy, or the elm
and the vine.[109] Its use is obvious. The rising and the setting sun
represent various forms of prosperity and adversity.[110] From Waller
on, the Milky Way typifies virtues so numerous that they shine in one
undistinguished blaze.[111] A large class of similitudes is drawn from
water in some form. In this respect Dryden is typical. It is surprising
to observe how many of his metaphors and similes are based on seas,
streams, and storms,[112] and his most excellent use of Nature is in
these similitudes, though after going over many of them one comes to
feel that they are all made upon much the same pattern. After Dryden
conventional comparisons based on floods and angry seas are frequent.
The customary form of the river simile of this period is the comparison
of some man’s character, or actions, or literary style to some historic
rivers with marked features. Prior uses the rapid Volga to represent
the impetuous “young Muscovite,” while he compares his own king to
the gentle Thames;[113] and he compares the Romans to the Tyber.[114]
Pope scornfully likens Curll to the Uridanus.[115] Cowley compares
Jonathan to the fair Jordan.[116] Halifax compares the reign of Charles
II to the Thames.[117] Armstrong wishes his own style to combine the
qualities of the Tweed and the Severn.[118] Hughes likened his Muse
to the wanton Thames.[119] Roscommon thought a dull style was like
the passive Soane.[120] Somerville compared Allan Ramsay’s poetry to
Avona’s silver tide.[121] Thomson said that De La Cour’s numbers went
gliding along in “trickling cadence” and were like the flow of the
Euphrates.[122] Chief among similes of this sort is Denham’s well-known
apostrophe to the Thames.[123] There is also frequent use of rivers
in a more general way, as when Parnell compares the strains of the
Psalmist to a rolling river,[124] and Stanhope compares Pope’s style
to a gliding river,[125] and Addison compares Milton’s poems to a
clean current showing an odious bottom,[126] and Dryden compares Sir
Robert Howard’s style to a mighty river.[127] The use of a river as a
simile for life is not infrequent. For various purposes the Nile was
often used. Its annual overflow and its unknown fountain-head are the
chief characteristics drawn upon. The river similes seem as a whole to
be more effectively worked out and more gracefully managed than most
of the other similes of the period, although they have in no case the
beauty and profound symbolism characteristic of the river similes of
Wordsworth, Matthew Arnold, and Lowell.
Another common form of comparison is that in which the seasons or the
various aspects of the day are used to describe some person. One of the
happiest examples is from Marvell.
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