The treatment of nature in English poetry between Pope and WordsworthReynolds, Myra
History
The treatment of nature in English poetry between Pope and Wordsworth
Reynolds, Myra
English poetry -- History and criticism; Nature in literature
Mark how Nature’s hand bestows
Abundant grace on all that grows,
Tinges, with pencil slow unseen,
The grass that clothes the valley green;
Or spreads the tulip’s parted streaks.
More distinctive, however, than this love of the spring-time world, is
Hamilton’s sense of communion with Nature. The lines,
As on this flowering turf I lie,
My soul conversing with the sky,
and this address to the passions that tyrannize over him,
This grove annihilates you all.
Oh power unseen, yet felt, appear!
Sure something more than nature’s here,
are new evidences of the spirit that animated Lady Winchilsea, Dyer,
and Parnell.
Hamilton’s most important poem is “The Braes of Yarrow.” In this ballad
there is a remarkable blending of external Nature with the tragedy
of love and death. The use of the phrase, “the Braes of Yarrow,” in
the refrain adds a curiously subtle touch to the pathos of the poem.
Tradition had so closely associated the sloping hills and the winding
stream of Yarrow with stories of unhappy love in far-off days that
the name was in itself enough to strike the keynote of pathos in
Hamilton’s ballad. The tone or color that human experience had once
given to the scenery was carried on by that scenery so that it became
the appropriate background for a new tale of grief. The one descriptive
stanza,
Sweet smells the birk, green grows, green grows the grass,
Yellow on Yarrow’s banks the gowan,
Fair hangs the apple frae the rock,
Sweet the wave of Yarrow flowan;
and a single line in the maiden’s lament,
I sang, my voice the woods returning,
are an appropriate setting for the happy love of the bonny bride and
her comely swain. But Nature is also compelled, as it were, to share
in the grief, and is implicated in the crime. On Yarrow’s rueful flood
floats the body of the slain knight; her doleful hills echo the cries
of sorrow. And the desolate bride prays that rain and dew may forever
forsake the fields where her lover was so basely slain. The descriptive
element in Hamilton’s ballad is of further interest as having suggested
some of the details in Wordsworth’s “Yarrow Unvisited.”
“The Deity,” a poem by Samuel Boyse, and much praised in its own
day,[362] is of importance here merely because of its Thomsonian
imitations, and because of its conception of God in Nature. This
conception is, in the main, the typical classical one, as in
“Omnipotence,” where the central idea is,
What hand, Almighty Architect, but thine
Could give the model of this vast design?
In “Providence,” however, the modified classical conception is
apparent, the ever-working power of God being dwelt upon. All Nature is
represented as being each moment derived from the Creator.
The sun from thy superior radiance bright
Eternal sheds his delegated light;
Thou shedd’st the tepid morning’s balmy dews,
are characteristic lines.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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