_Field Lessons._ The geographical phases of the work are referred to so frequently throughout the text as well as under the special suggestions for each lesson, that little need be added at this time except to emphasize the fact that the teacher should make use of every opportunity to cultivate in the child an intelligent interest in his natural environment. Perhaps nothing will contribute more toward developing this interest than field lessons. The value of these lessons will depend upon whether an adequate motive is aroused in the child for taking the trip and upon whether he is given the opportunity to make use of the experience gained in a practical way. There are schools in crowded quarters of large cities where it does not yet seem practicable to take an entire class out on a field lesson. But it is always feasible to make use of informal observations that the child makes from day to day as well as the results of trips that have previously been taken by some members of the class. During the time that this book is used it is hoped that at least two or three of the following field trips or excursions may be made: 1. To uncultivated spots on hillsides, in the woods, and on natural meadows to find-- (_a_) A place where the Tree-dwellers might have lived. (_b_) Wild foods, and to discover if possible the reasons for abundance or scarcity of certain forms. (_c_) Trees that offer protection from the sun and rain, and branches that are tough and strong. (_d_) Suitable sticks for primitive implements and weapons. (_e_) Grasses, barks, willows, rushes, and other tough and flexible fibers for basketry. (_f_) The topographical features which later are to be represented in sand. (_g_) What animals now live in uncultivated places. 2. To a brook or river to find-- (_a_) The best drinking-places for animals. (_b_) The best fords. (_c_) The best places to build bridges. (_d_) Stones for primitive implements and weapons. (_e_) How the river grinds the stones. (_f_) What the river carries in its water. (_g_) What plants and animals may be seen there. 3. To a circus to see the wild animals, so as to be better able to realize what the animals that lived when the Tree-dwellers did were like. 4. To a farm to find-- (_a_) What animals live there, how they are taken care of, and how they differ from wild animals. (_b_) What plants are cultivated on the farm and in the gardens, how they are cultivated, and how they differ from the wild plants that can be found in uncultivated spots. 5. To a gravel bed or stone quarry to find-- (_a_) What kinds of stone are there. (_b_) How stone is quarried and what it is used for. (_c_) A problem with reference to how the gravel bed or the stone quarry was made. SUPPLEMENTARY FACTS