The tribes and castes of the North-Western Provinces and Oudh, Volume 1 (of 4)Crooke, William
History
The tribes and castes of the North-Western Provinces and Oudh, Volume 1 (of 4)
Crooke, William
Caste -- India -- History; Hindus -- India; Tribes -- India -- History
[Personal or contemptuous titles.] 11. Then we have names derived from
personal peculiarities or used in a contemptuous sense. The sweeper is
Mehtar or “prince,” and Bhangi, “the rascal who intoxicates himself
with hemp:” in the same range are Barpagwa, “he that wears the broad
turban;” Kabûtari, “she that flirts like the pigeon;” Kâlkamaliya,
“they that wear black blankets;” Kâmchor, “the loafer;” Kanphata, “he
with the torn ears;” Kodokhânê, “they who eat the kodo millet;” and
Maskhân, “the eaters of flesh.” Like these are the titles of Khalîfa
for a cook or tailor, Jamadâr for a sweeper, and so on. [29]
[Totemistic titles.] 12. Incidentally some reference has been elsewhere
made to totemism in connection with the origin of exogamy. From the
details which are given in the following pages, and need not be
repeated here, it will be seen that there are undoubted survivals of
totemism among some of the Dravidian and menial tribes. These take the
form of section names obviously derived from those of animals, plants,
trees, and the like, the destruction, eating or even touching of which
by members of the section whose names are thus derived is prohibited by
a rigid tribal sanction. Though the evidence for the existence of
totemism among at least one part of the population of this part of
India seems sufficient, it will be seen that it now-a-days lurks only
among the most primitive tribes. The fact seems to be that, like so
many usages of the kind, it has been carried away by the flood of
Brâhmanism which has overflowed the land. There is a constant tendency
for tribes as they rise in the social scale to adopt the Brâhmanical
gotras, because it is a respectable fact to belong to one of them. Thus
all the stricter Hindu castes, like Banyas, Khatris, and even Kâyasths,
recognise the gotra. The fiction of common descent from the eponymous
ancestor naturally disappears, and among such people the gotra has no
higher significance than the pedigree worked up to order in the
Herald’s College, which ranks the novus homo through the use of a
common crest and coat-of-arms with the great houses of Cavendish,
Russel, or Howard.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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