The tribes and castes of the North-Western Provinces and Oudh, Volume 1 (of 4)Crooke, William
History
The tribes and castes of the North-Western Provinces and Oudh, Volume 1 (of 4)
Crooke, William
Caste -- India -- History; Hindus -- India; Tribes -- India -- History
[Agarwâlas and Chamârs.] 8. Between the Agarwâla, who is perhaps, in
appearance, the best bred of the tribes grouped under the name of
Banya, and the dark non-Aryan Chamâr, it is difficult to imagine any
possible connection, but it is curious that there are legends which
indicate this. Thus it is said that an Agarwâla once unwittingly
married his daughter to a Chamâr. When after some time the parents of
the bridegroom disclosed the fact, the Agarwâla murdered his
son-in-law. He became a Bhût and began to trouble the clansmen, so they
agreed that he should be worshipped at marriages. Hence, at their
weddings they are said to fill a leather bag with dry fruits, to tie it
up in the marriage shed, to light a lamp beneath it, and to worship it
in the form of a deity called Ohur, which is supposed to save women
from widowhood. A similar story is told at Partâbgarh:—“I have heard it
alleged (and the story is current, I believe, in parts of the Panjab)
that once upon a time a certain Râja had two daughters, named Chamu and
Bamu. These married and each gave birth to a son, who in time grew up
to be prodigies of strength (pahalwân). An elephant happened to die on
the Râja’s premises, and being unwilling that the carcase should be cut
up and disposed of piecemeal within the precincts of his abode, he
sought for a man of sufficient strength to carry it forth whole and
bury it. Chamu’s son undertook and successfully performed this
marvellous feat. The son of Bamu, stirred no doubt by jealousy,
professed to regard this act with horror and broke off all relations
with his cousin and pronounced him an outcaste. Chamârs are asserted to
be descendants of the latter and Banyas of the former, and hence the
former in some parts, though admitting their moral degradation, have
been known to assert that they are in reality possessed of a higher
rank in the social scale than the latter.” [115] The story is worth
repeating as an instance of some of the common legends regarding the
original connection of castes. Why the Chamârs should have selected in
the Agarwâla Banyas the most unlikely people with whom to assert
relationship, it is very difficult to say. Agarwâlas are also said at
marriages to mount the bridegroom secretly on an ass which is
worshipped. If this be true, it is probably intended as a means of
propitiating Sîtalâ mâi, the dreaded goddess of small-pox, whose
vehicle is the ass.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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