The tribes and castes of the North-Western Provinces and Oudh, Volume 1 (of 4)Crooke, William
History
The tribes and castes of the North-Western Provinces and Oudh, Volume 1 (of 4)
Crooke, William
Caste -- India -- History; Hindus -- India; Tribes -- India -- History
7. In Agra we find the Guâlbans, Nandbans, Kamariha and Ghusiya. The
Nandbans call themselves the offspring of Nanda, the foster-father of
Krishna, and the Guâlbans say that they are descended from the Gopis
who danced with the god in the woods of Brindâban and Gokul. The
Nandbans women wear bangles (chûri) of glass (kâncha) and white
clothes. Those of the Guâlbans wear bangles of lac and coloured or
embroidered dresses. All of them, at the time of marriage, except the
Ghusiya, wear a nuptial crown (maur) made of paper. That of the
Ghusiyas is made of the leaves of the palm (khajûr). The Kamariya
sub-caste have a curious custom of hanging up cakes made of wheat-flour
in the marriage pavilion while the ceremony is going on. All of them
admit widow marriage, and these sub-castes are strictly endogamous. In
Cawnpur the sub-castes are Nandbans, Jâdubans, Kishnaut, Kanaujiya,
Ghosi, Guâlbans and Illahâbâsi, or residents of Allahâbâd. In the east
of the Province there is a different set of sub-castes. Thus in
Mirzapur they are divided into the Churiya Guâl, who are so called
because their women wear bangles (chûri); Mathiya, who wear brass rings
(mâthi); Kishnaut; Maharwa, or Mahalwa; Dharora; Bhurtiya; and Bargâhi.
The Kishnaut sub-caste allege that it was among them that the infant
Krishna was nursed. The Maharwas or Mahalwas tell the following story
to account for their name:—“Once upon a time there lived an Ahîr at
Agori, the famous fortress of the Chandel Râjputs, on the river Son. He
was rich and devoted to gambling. The Râja of Agori also loved the
dice. One day they were playing, when the Ahîr lost all his property,
and, finally, staked his unborn child. He lost this also. When the
Ahîr’s wife brought forth a girl the Râja claimed her, and the Ahîr was
called Maharwa, because his daughter had to enter the harem (mâhal) of
the Râja.” Another version of the legend connects it with the
celebrated Lorik cycle. The Ahîr maiden is said to have been saved by
the hero, and took the name of Maharwa because she was saved from the
harem.
8. Another legend tells the origin of the Bhurtiyas in this way:—“Once
upon a time Sri Krishna blew his flute in the forest and all the girls
of Brindâban rushed to meet him. They were so excited at the prospect
of meeting him that they did not wait to adjust their dress or jewelry.
One of them appeared with brass rings (mâthi) on one wrist and lac
bangles (chûri) on the other; so she was called by way of a joke
Bhurtiya or ‘careless,’ and the name has clung to her descendants ever
since.” In memory of this the women of this sub-caste wear both kinds
of ornaments.
9. Bargâhi is said, again, in Persian to mean “one who attends a royal
court,” and the name is derived from the fact that the women of this
sub-caste used to serve as wet-nurses in the families of noblemen.
Among these the Churiya and Maharwa intermarry; all the others are
endogamous.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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