The tribes and castes of the North-Western Provinces and Oudh, Volume 1 (of 4)Crooke, William
History
The tribes and castes of the North-Western Provinces and Oudh, Volume 1 (of 4)
Crooke, William
Caste -- India -- History; Hindus -- India; Tribes -- India -- History
12. Meanwhile the brother of Lorik, Semru, had been attacked and killed
by the Kols and all his cattle plundered. Lorik takes a bloody revenge
from the enemy. Before he left home with Chandain, Lorik had been
betrothed to an Ahîr girl named Satmanain, who by this time had become
a handsome woman, who lived in the hope that Lorik would some day
return and claim her. Lorik was anxious to test her fidelity, and when
he came near home, concealed his identity. When she and the other woman
came to sell milk in his camp he laid down a loin cloth at the
entrance. All the other women stepped over it, but such was the
delicacy of Satmanain that she refused. Lorik was pleased, and, without
her knowledge, filled her basket with jewels, and covered them over
with rice. When she returned, her sister found the jewels, and taxed
her with receiving them as the price of her honour. She indignantly
denied the accusation, and the son of Semru, the dead brother of Lorik,
set out to avenge on him the insult to his aunt. Finally, the matter
was cleared up, and Lorik reigned for many years in happiness with his
wives Chandain and Satmanain. But the god Indra determined to destroy
his virtue, and he induced Durga to take the form of his mistress and
tempt him. When he gave way to the temptation and touched her she
struck him so that his face turned completely round. Overcome by grief
and shame he went to Kâsi (Benares), and there they were all turned
into stone, and sleep the sleep of magic at the Manikarnika Ghât. [148]
[Marriage rules.] 13. As has been already said, the sub-castes are
endogamous. To the west the gotra system is in full force and marriage
is barred in the four gotras of father, mother, grand-father, and
grand-mother. To the east few of the rural Ahîrs seem to know anything
about their gotras. They will not marry in a family to which a sister
has been given in marriage until three generations have passed. In
Behâr, according to Mr. Risley, “the Brâhmanical gotras are unknown,
and marriage among the Guâlas is regulated by a very large number of
exogamous groups (mûl) of the territorial type. In some places where
the existing mûls have been found inconveniently large, and marriage
has been rendered unduly difficult, certain mûls have broken up into
purukhs or sub-sections. Where this has taken place a man may marry
within the mûl, but not within the purukh, the smaller and more
convenient group.” He goes on to explain at length how this rule of
exogamy works in practice, and how it is necessary to supplement it by
the standard formula of exogamy common to many of the lower tribes. Of
this elaborate system no trace has been found as yet among the western
Ahîrs, but it is quite possible that further local enquiry may supply
examples of this, or some analogous rule of exogamy prevailing in these
Provinces.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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