The tribes and castes of the North-Western Provinces and Oudh, Volume 1 (of 4)Crooke, William
History
The tribes and castes of the North-Western Provinces and Oudh, Volume 1 (of 4)
Crooke, William
Caste -- India -- History; Hindus -- India; Tribes -- India -- History
[Social customs of Hindu Banjâras.] 19. In Kheri they eat the flesh of
wild pigs and goats, but not fowls. They drink spirits and use opium,
and the hemp intoxicants bhang and gânja, freely. In Cawnpur they will
eat kachchi and pakki with Brâhmans, and will smoke only with their
brethren. Some of them are traders, and a few are now taking to
agriculture, as the profits of the carrying trade are gradually
becoming reduced.
[Other Muhammadan Banjâras.] 20. Those in Bareilly and Pilibhît say
that they were driven there by Ahmad Shâh Durrâni’s invasion. They are
divided into two endogamous sub-castes—Gaurithân and Baidguâr. [241]
They follow the orthodox rules of the Muhammadan faith, and work as
cultivators, carriers of, and dealers in, grain.
[Banjâras and crime.] 21. In former times the Banjâras especially in
Gorakhpur and the neighbouring districts, had an evil reputation for
dakaiti and similar offences. [242] This is in a great measure a thing
of the past. In recent years they have come under the notice of the
police in connection with the kidnapping of girls. There can be little
doubt that most, if not all of them, occasionally introduce girls of
other castes into the tribe. Quite recently the police in the Agra
District have found reason to suspect that some of them in the guise of
Commissariat contractors carry on an extensive trade in stolen cattle,
and are in the habit of appropriating and changing the brands on the
so-called Brâhmani bulls which are released by Hindus on the occasion
of a death.
[Cattle trade.] 22. One of the most important trades carried on in the
present day by the Banjâras is that of the purchase and sale of cattle
used for agricultural purposes. Cattle are largely bred along the Jumna
in the direction of Agra and Mathura. These are bought up by Banjâras,
who drive them in large herds to great distances about the time when
the agricultural seasons are commencing. They sell them on credit with
a promise of payment when the crop is ripe. At such times they come
round to realise their debts. They seldom or never take bonds or resort
to the law courts; but they appear at the houses of their creditors,
and if not promptly paid, practise a form of coercion known as dharna,
by encamping close to the house of the defaulter and using vile
language to his womenkind wherever they venture to show themselves.
This form of pressure appears to be effective with even the most
callous debtor, and it is understood that they generally succeed in
realising their money. This result is brought about by the popular fear
felt for the Banjâra, who is a wild-looking semi-savage who can make
his presence most disagreeably felt.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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