The tribes and castes of the North-Western Provinces and Oudh, Volume 1 (of 4)Crooke, William
History
The tribes and castes of the North-Western Provinces and Oudh, Volume 1 (of 4)
Crooke, William
Caste -- India -- History; Hindus -- India; Tribes -- India -- History
[Other Hindu Banjâras of the North-Western Provinces and Oudh.] 15. In
Kheri they are known as Banjâra and Byopâri or “dealer.” They trace
their origin to Jaypur and Jodhpur. They have three endogamous
sections—Kora, Muchhâri and Miyân. They visit periodically a temple of
Lalita Devi, at a place called Tilokpur, somewhere in the Râjputâna
country. There also, when they can afford it, they get the birth hair
of their children shaved. In Cawnpur they give their endogamous
sub-castes as Râthaur, Panwâr-Chauhân, Gaur, and Kachhwâha, which are
all the names of well-known Râjput septs. Their rule of exogamy is
stated to be that they cannot marry within a family which is known to
be descended from the same parents, or which can be traced to a common
ancestor; nor in the family of the maternal uncle or father’s sister;
nor two sisters at the same time; but a man may marry the sister of his
deceased wife. When the bride is introduced into the family of her
husband she has to cook sweetened rice, with which she feeds all the
clansmen. A man may marry as many wives as he can afford to keep. There
is no bride price, except in the case of elderly men, who have a
difficulty in finding wives. Widow marriage and the levirate are both
allowed under the usual conditions.
16. In Kheri at the marriage ceremony they place four pitchers (ghara)
one on the top of the other in seven piles, and in the centre two
pestles (mûsar), and a water jar (kalsa). Close to this the Pandit
makes a holy square (chauk), and performs the fire sacrifice (hom).
After this the pair, with their clothes tied, walk seven times round
the pestles, and the father of the bride worships the feet of the
bridegroom and makes him an offering of two or four rupees. This is the
respectable form. In the inferior form, known as Dharauna, the bride is
taken to the house of the bridegroom, and the marriage is completed by
a feast given to the brotherhood.
17. The funeral ceremonies are of the normal type. The Kheri Banjâras
are reported not to perform the srâddha or to employ Brâhmans at death;
in Cawnpur, on the contrary, they carry out the orthodox ritual.
[Religion.] 18. In Cawnpur they worship Hardeo or Hardaur Lâla,
Zâhirpîr, the Miyân of Amroha, and Kâlu Deo, who is said to have a
shrine somewhere in the Dakkhin. Goats are offered to Kâlu Deo and
Miyân by any one but women. Sometimes only the ear of the animal is cut
and a drop or two of blood sprinkled on the altar, and sometimes a
cocoanut is substituted for a goat. In Kheri they are reported to
prefer the worship of Bhagwân and Parameswara, and to be initiated in a
temple in the Sahâranpur District. Their religious guides are Brâhmans
of their own, who teach them only to worship Bhagwân and not to tell
lies. They occasionally offer goats to Devi. They swear on the Ganges
or by standing in water or walking through fire.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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