The tribes and castes of the North-Western Provinces and Oudh, Volume 2 (of 4)Crooke, William
History
The tribes and castes of the North-Western Provinces and Oudh, Volume 2 (of 4)
Crooke, William
Caste -- India -- History; Hindus -- India; Tribes -- India -- History
which have taken place since their last tour, they are remunerated with
rupees, cattle, or clothes, according to the ability of the registering
party. Those of the North-Western Râjputs generally reside between the
borders of Râjputâna and the Delhi territory. Many also live at
Dâranagar on the Ganges, and travel to the remote East to collect their
fees; whereas the Birmbhâts are resident in towns and do not emigrate
periodically. Both of these classes are held in the same dread for
their exactions, which are satisfied by their constituents for fear of
being lampooned and paraded in effigy before the other members of the
family. Several communities of Bhâts reside in the north of Oudh, and a
few are scattered over these Provinces. In Rohilkhand the occupation of
Bhâts as bards is frequently usurped by Gaur Brâhmans. There are
several sub-divisions of the Bhâts of these provinces, and an attempt
is sometimes made, as with many other classes, to reduce them to the
definite number of seven, viz.—Athsaila, Mahâpâtra, Keliya,
Mainpuriwâla, Jangira, Bhatara, and Dasaundhi. But there are several
which are not included under these heads, as Chaurâsi, Gajbhîm,
Chungelê, Gujariwâla, Sikatpuriya, Nagauri, Barua, etc., which shows
that the classification into seven is not correct.
4. This, however, does not exhaust the sub-divisions of the Bhâts.
Thus, in Mirzapur, they are divided into the Jagawa or Jâga, Barpagwa,
“those who wear a large turban,” Phulwariya, “of the flower garden,”
Dasaundhi, Kavirâj, or poets, Kewat kê Bhât, or those attached to the
Kewat caste, and the Musalmâni. The Hindu Bhâts have, besides, a number
of gotras or sections which are identical with those of Brâhmans. The
Dasaundhi, again, who call themselves Jasaundhi, and derive their name
from the Hindi jas, Sanskrit, yasas, “glory,” are sub-divided into
Kalsa, Pâtha, and Kulîn. In Hardoi they give their sub-divisions as
Keliya, Mahâpâtra or “prime minister,” Athsaila, Bhâradwâja,
Mohanmûrat, Bhatara, Changelê, and Brahmbhât. In Râê Bareli they give
their sub-divisions as Banswariya, Mahâpâtra, Keliya, Athsaila,
Gajbhîm, Gohorwâriwâl, Jaisari kâ Bhatra, Pihâniwâl, Mainpuri kâ
Bhâtra, Pitarpuri Rauwa, Senbasiya, Kuttaha, Dospuriya, Pipariha,
Dukanha, Gangwâr, Bhagtaha, Majhgânwiya, Sirohiwâl, Lahariwâl,
Nagrauiyân, Ghoraha, Nabinagar kâ langota, Garhwapâri, Chaurasiya, and
Katiha. These are said to be exogamous sections, many of which are of
the territorial type. Among these the Keliya, Mahâpâtra, Banswariya,
Athsaila, Gajbhîm, Gohorwariwâl, and Jaisari kâ Bhâtra are regarded as
superior and practise a form of hypergamy, taking brides from the other
sections, but not giving them their daughters in return. In Bareilly,
again, there are two sub-divisions of the Jâga sub-caste who are
Muhammadans—the Sârhê tîn ghar or “three and a half houses,” and the
Das ghar or “ten houses,” of whom the former practise hypergamy with
the latter.
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