The tribes and castes of the North-Western Provinces and Oudh, Volume 2 (of 4)Crooke, William
History
The tribes and castes of the North-Western Provinces and Oudh, Volume 2 (of 4)
Crooke, William
Caste -- India -- History; Hindus -- India; Tribes -- India -- History
It is generally done by word of mouth, and the
woman is turned out of the house. But usually, even if there be no
regular tribal enquiry, the husband does not divorce his wife without
taking the opinion of four or five of the leading clansmen in an
informal way. A divorced woman cannot be remarried in the regular way,
but another man may take her as his concubine, in which case he must
give a dinner (roti) to the clansmen. Children by concubines, provided
that they are women of the caste, have the same rights as offspring by
regular marriages; but children who are the result of illicit
connections which have not been condoned, or whose mothers were not
members of the caste, are not admitted to tribal privileges and cannot
marry in the caste.
[Widow marriage.] 5. Remarriage of widows is prohibited; but a man may
take a widow of the caste to live with him without any ceremony, except
the assent of the leading clansmen and the giving of a tribal feast.
The levirate is allowed with the usual limitation, that it is only the
younger brother who can claim the woman. But the widow is not compelled
to live with her brother-in-law, and may set up house with an outsider,
in which case the children of her first husband remain with his
relations, and she loses all rights of maintenance in the household of
her former husband. Her children by the first husband inherit his
estate. If the first husband was childless his brothers inherit. There
is no fiction that the children by the levir are supposed to belong to
his dead brother.
[Birth ceremonies.] 6. There are no special observances during
pregnancy. The Chamârin midwife attends and cuts the cord. During
accouchement the mother adopts a sitting posture, and is held by the
women of the family. After parturition is over the wife of the village
barber acts as nurse. On the Dashtaun or tenth day the clansmen and
friends are fed; the relations of the mother send her presents (pûch)
and soaked gram is distributed. There is no indication of the couvade.
For ten days the women and her relations are considered impure and are
not allowed to touch other people or engage in worship of the gods.
There are no special customs in connection with twins.
[Adoption. Puberty.] 7. There is no special ritual in force at
adoption. The clan people are invited; the men are fed on sweets and
the women on soaked gram. There are no observances at the attainment of
puberty.
[Marriage ceremonies.] 8. The person who goes to the boy’s house to
arrange the betrothal gives a cocoanut, some money, and a packet of
betel (pân). This is the binding part of the ceremony, and the
betrothal is then irreversible. Betrothal generally takes place when
the girl is five or six years of age, and the consent of both parents
is essential. There is no rule for the repayment of the expenses if the
marriage does not take place.
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